閩南語與客家語同源詞本字考——淙、淋、滿

The Original Characters of Cognates in Southern Min and Hakka: 淙, 淋, 滿

本文考證出閩南語表達「水流急下」之義的tshiaŋ5本字為「淙」、表達「喝，飲」之義的lim1本字為「淋」、表達「現在」之義的tsit4-ma2一詞中ma2的本字為「滿」，客家語在表達上述幾個概念時也常用到與之同源的詞，本文將從字音、字義等角度論證它們正是閩南語、客家語表達上述幾個概念的同源詞的本字。本文在第一節中提出論點；在第二節中從音、義等角度證明「淙」字作為閩南語、客家語、閩東語相應詞素本字的合理性；在第三節中首先提出「淋」字在客家語中具有殊調別義現象的推測，再分別從字音、字義角度證明其作為本字的合理性，接下來利用「淋」的同義詞「澆」「沃」二字在文獻中的用法給予旁證；在第四節中分別從音、義角度證明「滿」字作為本字的合理性，其中從字義角度論證時利用其同義詞「遍」「通」二字的用法給予旁證，接下來回顧了國語及閩、客語中其它表示「次，回」概念的字；在第五節中提出一點反思。

In this paper, we give the original characters of tshiaŋ5, lim1 and ma2 in Southern Min. These characters are also used in Hakka, and are pronounced tshuŋ5, lim1 and man1, respectively. We also explain the reasons in detail from the aspect of sound and meaning. In the first section, we put forward our argument. In Section 2, we explain the reasons from the aspect of sound and meaning for 淙 in Southern Min, Hakka and Eastern Min. In Section 3, we firstly propose the conjecture that 淋 uses different pronunciations to express different meanings, and then we explain the reasons from the aspect of sound and meaning. In Section4, we explain the reasons from the aspect of sound and meaning for 滿. In Section 5, we put forward our reflection.