諸邊貿易協定和WTO談判的路徑選擇

Implications of Plurilateral Trade Agreements to the WTO Reform

諸邊貿易協定曾在多邊貿易談判歷史上發揮過重要作用。在世貿組織（WTO）多哈回合談判長期陷入僵局、區域貿易協定迅猛發展的形勢下，支持在特定議題上開展諸邊協定談判，有助於提振WT0的談判功能，鞏固多邊貿易體制。WT0第11屆部長級會議之後，多項諸邊議題已經顯現。借鑒歷史經驗，本文認為開放式諸邊主義有望使WTO走出貿易治理的困境，是今後WTO談判機制改革的選項之一。我國可善加利用並主張以下立場：諸邊協定機制旨在為多邊談判提供補充，不以取代多邊談判為目的；談判議題須廣泛反映WT0成員關注，符合“臨界數量”預期；談判進程保持開放、透明，各方在平等自願基礎上決定是否參與。 The plurilateral trade agreements once played a crucial role over the history of multilateral trade negotiations. Given the long stalemate of WTO Doha Round negotiations and proliferation of regional trade agreements, the initiation of issue-based plurilateral negotiations will make contribution to improving the negotiations function of WTO and further strengthening the multilateral trading system. After the eleventh WTO Ministerial Conference, a few issues for WTO Members' plurilateral discussion have emerged. Based on the historical experience, the author argues that an open plurilateral approach would enable the WTO Members to break the current stalemate on trade negotiations, and therefore can work as an option for reforming on the WTO negotiating regime in the future. The policy recommendations are as follows: firstly, the plurilateral negotiations should work as a supplement approach for the multilateral negotiations rather than replacement of it. Secondly, the concerned issues need to be comprehensively discussed among WTO Members and the decision shall be made based on the requirements of cri廿cal mass. Thirdly, the negotiations process shall be kept in an open and transparent way, allowing each Member to decide by itself whether participate or not on equal terms.