國際法院判決執行的典型案例分析及完善方案

Typical Case Analysis and Improvement Plan for the Enforcement of Judgements of the International Court of Justice

國際法院的判決作出後，訴訟當事國是否執行該判決成為新的爭議焦點，且該爭議不斷地增加，而現行《聯合國憲章》《國際法院規約》《國際法院規則》更多地規定了爭議處理的前半部，而對於判決作出後的執行問題未作出具體規定，由此只能委托給聯合國安理會。然而，現行體系並沒有明確“未執行”的判斷標準以及確定未執行後更有效的處理方式等。為此，目前修訂《聯合國憲章》幾乎不太可能，那麼可以在現行體系下檢討對該問題的解決方案，即從確立判決執行與否的判斷依據、保障判決執行的監督機制、建議或勸告制度等層面來完善現行體系所面臨的困境。 Whether litigant states enforce the judgments after they were made by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) had become the focus of new disputes, and the dispute continues to increase. However, the present U. N. Charter and ICJ Statutes and Rules do not have provisions in place that specifically regulate the enforcement of the judgments, and thus it can only be delegated to the UN Security Council. The current system does not clarify the criteria for “unenforced” judgments or provide a more effective way to deal with such issues. As amendments to the U. N. Charter and ICJ Statues are not to be expected soon, the solution to the problem can be reviewed under the current system. Improvements could be made by establishing a proper standard to decide whether judgments are enforced or not, the supervision mechanism of the enforcement, and the flexible application of the advice or suggestion system.