戰機飛行員抗G力之體能訓練策略

Physical training strategy of fighter pilots anti-G tolerance

戰機快速增G率對生理是一大挑戰，為保持駕機意識清楚，須具備良好抗G力。提升抗G力最主要除了正確且熟練的抗G動作，平日應從事方向正確且適當的體能訓練。體能概分有氧與無氧，主要訓練目的為提升抗G力、延緩疲勞產生，目標為追求健康心肺適能與強健肌肉適能。然而，先前文獻認為過多心肺適能訓練具增強迷走神經活性、降低運動血壓升壓反應能力，不利抗G力，反之無氧運動、肌肉功能訓練都有利。實際上，大部份空軍飛行員慣於中、低強度心肺適能活動，但透過文獻得知，心肺適能必須建立在已兼具良好肌肉適能之上，才能獲得提升抗G力的相輔相乘訓練效果。依據先前研究結果，建議以肌肉功能訓練為主、心肺適能訓練為輔的原則，建立跑步或其他運動的心肺適能訓練，及循環式、最大、爆發力等肌肉適能訓練的正確戰機飛行員體能訓練策略。

The rapid increase to G rate of fighters is a major challenge for pilot's physiology. Pilots need to have good anti-G tolerance to keep clear awareness during driving fighter. The most important condition for improving anti-G tolerance, in addition to performing correct and skilled AGSM, should be engaged in proper and appropriate physical training on weekdays. Physical fitness is divided into aerobic fitness and anaerobic fitness. The main purpose of the fighter pilot's physical training should be set to improve anti-G tolerance and delay fatigue. The right training goal is to pursue healthy cardio-respiratory fitness and strong muscle fitness. However, there have been research literatures that excessive cardio-respiratory training can enhance vagal activity and reduce to respond to rising blood pressure during exercise, which is not conducive to anti-G tolerance, but anaerobic exercise and muscle fitness training are beneficial. In fact, most air force pilots are used to working activity for medium and low intensity cardiopulmonary fitness. But through the literature, the cardiopulmonary fitness training of fighter pilots must be based on having good muscle fitness, so as to obtain the synergistic training effect for promoting anti-G tolerance. Through research literatures, fighter pilots on weekdays should be the concept of muscle fitness training as the main, cardiopulmonary fitness training as an auxiliary. This study assists fighter pilots to establish correct physical training strategy, including running or other sports for cardiopulmonary fitness training, and including circulation muscle strength training, maximum strength training, and explosive power strength training for strength fitness training.