晚明醜拙書風時代審美意涵與對清初揚州八怪之影響

The Aesthetic Implication of the Late Ming Dynasty and the Ugly Book Style and Its Influence on the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou in the Early Qing Dynasty

明末書壇隨著社會經濟、政治、學術發展，正值帖學走入沉滯與靡弱的態勢中。隨著時代社會漸趨於求奇求變的審美風尚，書壇上正形成一種以筆墨變化營造奇異詭譎與不畏醜怪的藝術表現。此一對傳統桎梏的反動，有著另闢蹊徑的思維擴展，使帖學後勁有了另一種型態的發展，並開啟了清初書壇求變的審美思維。本文嘗試對晚明突破傳統審美定式上，所展現的新奇醜拙且富創造性生命力的書風表現，所具時代審美意涵加以闡述。而對清初尤以揚州八怪為主的書風，在承續晚明醜拙書風下，「以碑破帖」對清中葉碑學理論的建立與實踐有著啟發與奠基作用，在書史發展上別具意義，給予客觀論述。期望本研究從時代審美視域，對書史發展之成因與轉進，與對時代審美之啟示，提供書史研究的另一面相。

With the socio-economic, political, and academic developments in the late Ming Dynasty, the Tiexue is in a state of stagnation and weakness. With the aesthetics of the times, the society gradually becomes more and more eager to change. The calligraphy world is forming an artistic expression that creates singularity and ugliness with pen and ink changes. This reaction to the traditional ambiguity has a different way of thinking expansion, which makes the post-study strength of the Tiexue have another type of development, and opened the aesthetic thinking of calligraphy world in the early Qing Dynasty. This article attempts to explain the novelty and ugly and creative life style of the Tiexue in the early Qing Dynasty in the past and break through the traditional aesthetic formula. For the stablet calligraphy style of the early Qing Dynasty, especially the eight blame of Yangzhou, under the ugly style of the late Ming and the ugly, the “Yibeipotie” has inspired and laid the foundation for the establishment and practice of the Qing Dynasty. Development is of special significance. It is hoped that this study will give an objective exposition from the perspective of aesthetics of the times, the causes and progress of the development of the history of the Tiexue, and the revelation of the aesthetics of the times, and provide another aspect of the study of the history of calligraphy.