近二十年來日本學者郭店《老子》之研究

The Studies of Japanese Scholars on Guo Dian's 'Laozi' in the Past Two Decades

郭店楚簡於1993年出土於湖北省荊門市郭店一號楚墓，至今尚存有804枚，有字簡則存730枚。經專家的整理，得知其中包含了道家與儒家的著作，發掘者推斷該墓下葬年代約為戰國中期偏晚，故郭店楚簡亦可推測為戰國中期以前，甚至有些可溯及於孔孟之間的古代文獻。因此，郭店楚簡的面世，給中國哲學史、思想史、學術史上帶來了巨大的衝擊，尤其是由「疑古派」學者曾所提出的許多觀點，在郭店楚簡的出土之後不得不加以重新檢討。當然，日本在此重要學術潮流中亦未見缺席。本文將梳理近二十年來日本學者研究郭店楚簡《老子》的成果，並彙整出以下幾點：（1）關於郭店楚墓下葬年代有兩種說法，即「戰國中期偏晚說」和「戰國末期說」，據此，學者針對郭店《老子》成書或抄寫年代的看法亦隨之分歧。（2）馬王堆《老子》和郭店《老子》的出土已推翻不少疑古派所曾提出的論點。然而近代以來的疑古之風在日本學界根深蒂固，尚有一定影響力，因而導致與其他各國學界「走出疑古」傾向不同。

Guo Dian Chujian was unearthed in 1993 in the Chu Tomb of No. 1 Guodian, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, containing 804 pieces of bamboo slips with letters on 730 of them. After scholars' collation, it was learned that contains the works of Taoism and Confucianism, and the excavator inferred that the tomb was buried in the late middle of the Warring States Period, because it can be speculated that before the middle of the Warring States, there were even ancient documents dating back to Confucius and Mencius in Guodian Chujian . Therefore, the appearance of Guodian Chujian has brought tremendous impact on Chinese philosophy history, intellectual history, and academic history, and in particular many ideas put forward by the 'Doubting Antiquity School' scholars have to be reflection after the unearthing of Guo Dian Chujian. Japan has not been absent from this important academic trend. This article sorts out the results of Japanese scholars studying Guodian Chujian's Laozi in the past two decades and summarizes the following points. (1) There are two kinds of sayings about the burial period of the Guodian Chu Tomb: 'the late middle of the Warring States Period' and 'the end of the Warring States Period'. According to this, scholars' views on the book-making age of Guodian's 'Laozi' also differ. (2)The excavations of Mawangdui's 'Laozi' and Guodian's 'Laozi' have overturned many of the arguments put forward by the Doubting Antiquity School. However, the trend of doubting ancient times in modern times is deeply rooted in Japanese academic circles, and they still have a certain influence. This has led to a different tendency from the academic circles of other countries to 'go out of Doubting Antiquity.'