關懷方案介入對降低新進護理人員職業疲勞之成效探討——前驅研究

The Effectiveness of a Caring Program to Reduce Occupational Burnout of New Nurses: A Pilot Study

背景：護理人員有高度工作負荷，是職業疲勞高盛行率的族群，護理管理者需要發展策略以降低工作職業疲勞，以改善執業環境。目的：本研究目的為探討關懷方案對於降低新進護理人員職業疲勞的成效。方法：以類實驗研究設計，對照組為原先的新進護理人員訓練，共30位；實驗組為接受關懷方案之新進護理人員，共20位；分別在報到後第1、3、6個月測量職業疲勞得分。結果：以無母數單變量分析發現實驗組和對照組新進護理人員第三個月比第一個月職業疲勞分數皆上升，實驗組的第六個月職業疲勞已下降，對照組卻沒有下降。以廣義估計方程式分析發現實驗組和對照組職業疲勞的時間變化趨勢，沒有達到顯著性差異。結論：在單變量分析關懷方案能減少新進護理人員第六個月的職業疲勞，但仍需要擴大樣本數，才能進一步推論本研究結果，做為護理管理者的參考，以降低新進護理人員職業疲勞。

Background: The prevalence rate of occupational burnout of nurses is high due to huge workloads. Nursing managers need to develop strategies to reduce burdensome workloads in order to improve work environment. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a caring program to reduce occupational burnout of new nurses. Method: This quasi-experimental study included the experimental group, which received a caring program (n = 20) and the control group, which received a traditional 3-day skill training (n=30). Data were collected at the first, third, and sixth months after employment for occupational burnout scores. Results: Mann-Whitney test results showed that the burnout scores of both groups in the third month are significantly higher than those in the first month. The burnout score of the experimental group decreased at the sixth month, yet no change was noticed in the control group. No significant difference was found on time change trend of burnout for both groups in terms of generalized estimating equation analysis. Conclusions: This results showed that a caring program may be an effective approach to reduce occupational burnout at the six month among new nurses. It is expected to increase the sample size for research generalization. The results provide nursing administration a reference to reduce occupational burnout among new nurses.