文化主權的展現──民初至抗戰初期中國國際書刊交換問題（1911－1940）

Displays of Cultural Sovereignty: China's Libraries and the International Exchange of Publications from 1911 to 1940

1925年至1934年期間，由於中國政府教育部出版品國際交換局，以及繼承它的中央研究院國際出版品交換處效率不彰，導致北京大學圖書館等機構逐漸替代中央政府機構執行業務，讓中國出版品對外國際交換業務無法統一，文化主權分散。此現象至1934年國立中央圖書館籌備處接收中研院國際交換處後開始轉變。作為國民政府建構國家文化與教育發展的一環，央圖在抗戰前即試圖改變國際交換分散聯繫的現象。1937年抗戰爆發，為支援研究教學與宣傳中國學術成就，解決外文圖書不足，同時維持國際條約義務，翌年央圖提出由教育部組織統籌國際交換構想。同年12月，戰時徵集圖書委員會成立，並正式委託央圖國際交換處昆明辦事處負責國際交換書刊的工作。至1940年底結束前，央圖透過組織調整擴張、規劃戰時資源統制，終於達成結束中國國際交換體制不統一的現象，而最終達到建構文化主權，以知識服務，支援抗戰學術需求之目的。

During the period from 1925 to 1934, due to the ineffectiveness of the Chinese government's Bureau of International Exchange, Ministry of Education, as well as of its successor, the Bureau of International Exchange, Academia Sinica, Peking University Library and other institutions gradually supplanted these central government agencies, implementing similar services. Consequently, the exchange of Chinese published materials abroad was unable to be adequately consolidated. Not until 1934 when the National Central Library incorporated the latter Bureau of International Exchange did this situation begin to shift. Being an important component of the construction of national culture and development of education by the Nationalist government, the Central Library prior to the Chinese War of Resistance against Japan attempted to improve the then dispersed forms of international exchange. As the war broke out in 1937, the Central Library proposed a comprehensive plan regarding international exchange through the Ministry of Education in the following year in order to assist research and education, disseminate the research results of scholarship conducted in China, resolve the dearth of foreign language materials, and finally, preserve previous obligations in international pacts. In December of the same year, the China's Cultural Emergency Committee for the Solicitation of Books and Periodicals was established and formally entrusted with the task of exchanging published materials for the Kunming Office. By expanding the organization and managing its resources, the Central Library was finally able to unify China's efforts to facilitate international exchange, and ultimately, achieve its goals of providing knowledge services and assistance to academia during wartime as early as the end of 1940.