病人自主決定權與「涉艾信息」告知規則的建構

Some Suggestions on Patients' Right of autonomy and the Rule of Report of “Information of Aids”

本文藉一婚前艾滋檢查案例反省陽性艾滋病攜帶者之告知義務和病人自主決定權之間的張力。此案例為婚前的女方為艾滋病病毒攜帶者，而醫師是不是有義務告知另一方。按現行的大陸行政法規《艾滋病防治條例》的規定，病人有法律責任防止感染他人，醫機機構和工作人員有義務告知感染者或其家屬，但不得公告。本文進一步分析《艾滋病防治條例》和《母嬰保健法實施辦法》相關條文的倫理課題，而得出檢測機關尚未有告知「配偶」的明確依據，遑論告知「有性關係者」。

This paper reflects on the tension between medical professionals' duty to report in case of Aids and the duty to respect the autonomy of the patient. It is a case of pre-marital Aids test where the female is positive and the male is negative and the problem is whether the medical professional has the duty to report it to the other partner. According to our analysis of the administration rule of “Prevention of Aids” and “Health Protection of Mother and Child Act”¸the result is that these rules show no duty for the professionals to report Aids to married couples and hence even less for those who just have sexual relationship.