「女有所歸」──從女性歸宿論《青塚前的對話》

Females had their homes─Exploring the relationship between Females and their lives in Whispers At A Tombstone

《青塚前的對話》是二○○六年十二月於國家戲劇院的實驗劇場推出的新編京劇，由王安祈編劇，李小平導演。此劇沒有貫串的情節軸線，而完全以人物對談的思辨構成，透過對話呈現出女性自我內在的價值省思。在傳統文化中，女性的歸宿與婚姻、家庭、子女息息相連，在父權為主的社會體系中，女性被馴化、教育，終至把這樣的「歸宿」根深柢固的內化，成為女性自身最重視的焦點，視之為己身安頓的唯一居所。本論文將焦點放在此劇藉由劇中女性人物在歷代由男性操觚的文本中所形塑的樣貌，對比女性自言己懷的形象呈現，彰示有關女性歸宿的「性別視角」，解構女性在古代男性筆下的文學塑形；透過劇中兩段對話及劇中漁女旁觀的特殊存在，探索女性自身如何看待這個切身相關的生命課題。

Whispers At A Tombstone is an experimental Peking Opera produced by GuoGuang Opera Company in 2006. Script was written by Wang An Chi. The story is about a fisher woman who after reading a book fell asleep and had a dream about Cui Yingying talking with Li Yaxian. The fisher woman felt confused when she woke up, and then she fell asleep again. She then dreamt of Wen Ji going back to Han Dynasty. She first passed along Zhao Jun's tomb, whispered at Zhao Jun's tombstone, and as a consequence Zhao Jun and Wen Ji started to have a long conversation. The main characters are two women who had important roles in the history. The audience follows a private conversation (which is a dialogue without a linear plot and causal relationship) in order to explore the value of privacy of women and to consider their own spiritual peace. In the traditional culture, lives of females were closely related to marriage, family and children; in the patriarchy-based social system women were domesticated and educated. Finally, this way of thinking became deeply internalized. It became women's most important characteristic, and women understood it as the only way of settling down. The paper focuses on the meaning and the value of women's life behind the dialogue. The female characters who were in the traditional culture limited by men are contrasted with the image which women show themselves, demonstrating the ' gender perspective ' about how they should settle down. Women in ancient men's literature are deconstructed and it is explored how women themselves look at these vital life - related issues. Based on the observation of the 'Whispers at a tombstone ', the paper discusses the questions of where and how should women settle down by using two dialogues and the special version of the fisher woman.