英文摘要 |
This study investigates the SES effects on PISA 2006 Scientific, Readingand Mathematical Literacy for grades 9 and 10 at the school and student levels.The modal grades for 15-year-olds are the 9th and 10th grades. Grade 9 is incompulsory education program while Grade 10 is not.The independent variables included grade and subject areas, and thedependent variables included intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), effectsize of PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) on literacyat the student and school levels, and effect size of book possession at home(BKPOSS) on literacy at the student and school levels. Two-level hierarchicallinear modeling (HLM) was implemented within each experimental conditionto answers the research questions.The results showed that the difference in ICC values was not significantacross subject areas, but the pattern of the difference in ICC did not generalizeover grades. The results also showed that the impact of book possession athome was greater than that of ESCS on literacy acquisition in Taiwan.Compared to applying the integrated index (ESCS), using a single variable (BKPOSS) for prediction appears to be an efficient approach to predictingstudent performance, in spite that BKPOSS may be limited to describe astudent's overall SES. Finally, based on the difference observed over grades,separate analyses might be necessary for compulsory and non-compulsoryeducation programs. |