國中國文教科書中學生角色之分析～民國四十到九十年代的變遷

The Student Role Described in the Chinese Literature Textbooks of the Junior High School With the Versions from 1950's to 2010's

本研究旨在探討民國40至90年代，近六十年來國中國文教科書中所述的學生角色之變化。透過內容分析法，共計辨識陳述學生角色的段落共570筆，再以SPSS for Windows14.0套裝軟體中次數分配及卡方檢定進行資料分析。研究結果發現：1.民國40至90年代國中國文教科書中之學生角色內涵包括「學生個人特質」、「學習表現與態度」、及「品德與行為表現」三類目。2.近六十年來，除50年代外，國中國文教科書中三項角色內涵，在各年代出現次數的排序相同。以「學習表現與態度」之出現次數最多，「品德與行為表現」次之，「學生個人特質」最少。3.近六十年來國中國文教科書中，學生角色內涵頻次有明顯變化，民國80年代以後，教科書中出現的學生角色文本有減少之趨勢，顯示國文科隱含的道德教育意涵減弱。4.民國90年代不同出版社所出版的國文教科書中，學生角色三項內涵出現之排序，具有相同規則性。以「學習表現與態度」之出現次數最多，「品德與行為表現」次之，「學生個人特質」最少。根據以上四項結論，本研究提出「以學生個人特質、學習態度與表現、品德與行為表現作基礎，提供國中學生明確的角色理念」、「因應國文科教科書中學生角色文本減少之趨勢，採多元與彈性之教材與教學來教導學生角色」、「掌握時代脈動，注意學生角色內涵之更新」等三項建議。

This study explores the changing of the student role described inthe Chinese Literature Textbooks of the junior high school with theversions from 1950's to 2010's. By the method of content analysis, thestatements of student role illustrated in these versions of textbookswere identified with a total frequency of 570. These data weresubsequently analyzed by Frequencies, and Chi-square test using SPSSfor windows 14.0 as software. The findings of this study aresummarized as follows.1. Three categories of student role which are personalcharacteristic, learning attitude and performance as well as moral andbehavior were identified in these textbooks.2. According to the ratio of frequency, the rank of the threecategories was learning attitude and performance, moral and behavior,personal characteristic in all six decades' versions except the versionof 1960's.3. After 1990's, a decline curve was found in the frequency-timeplot of the three categories of student role described in these textbooks. It reveals the content of moral education in the Chinese LiteratureTextbooks is decreasing after 1990's.4. The ranks of these three categories were identical in thedifferent versions published by different bookstores in 2010's.The recommendations of this study are also suggested.