從問題到研究：中國「三十年代文藝」在臺灣（1966-1987）

From Issues to Studies: Chinese ＂1930s Literature and Arts＂ in Taiwan (1966-1987)

「問題與研究」是國際關係研究的重要刊物名稱，源於一九五○年代「自由中國」針對「大陸問題」的「匪情研究」；本文藉「問題與研究」之名，指出中國「三十年代文藝」在臺灣從作為「禁忌問題」到成為「討論研究」的轉變歷程。諸多成名於三十年代的作家，在1949年後因為「陷匪」或「附匪」的理由，名列在戒嚴時期臺灣多個版本的《查禁圖書目錄》中；但未及解嚴解禁，1966年即因為中國文化大革命的發生，「三十年代文藝」在臺灣重新獲得討論與研究的機會。本文分由國民黨文藝觀點、「純文學」以及「鄉土文學」三方面，討論中國「三十年代文藝」在臺灣的接受與偏重現象。本文指出就國民黨觀點對於「三十年代文藝」的討論，仍是延續著「共匪禍國」的批判，並藉由三十年代作家在「共產中國」被整肅的現象，重塑自身「自由中國」的定位；而相較於「純文學」觀點偏重右翼「自由」作家，「鄉土文學」論述則側重東北作家的左翼呈現。本文經由「三十年代文藝」在臺灣的三種表述，重新思索「中國現代文學」與「戰後臺灣文學」的網絡關係。

＂Issues & Studies＂ has been an important name of a journal in international relations studies. Its name can be traced back to ＂studies on Chinese communism＂ which were focused on ＂mainland issues＂, conducted by ＂Free China＂ in the 1950s. Through the name of ＂Issues & Studies＂, the essay points out the transition of the Chinese ＂1930s Literature and Arts＂ in Taiwan-how it was viewed from ＂issues of interdiction＂ to ＂discussions and studies＂. Many writers who became famous in the 1930s were listed in the different versions of Catalogue of Banned Books in Taiwan during the martial law period because of the accusation of ＂fallen into communism＂ or ＂defected to communism＂. However, not until the lifting of martial law, ＂1930s Literature and Arts＂ regained the opportunity for discussion and study due to the fact that the Cultural Revolution in China took place in 1966. This essay discusses the phenomenon of acceptance and preference of ＂1930s Literature and Arts＂ in Taiwan through the perspectives of literature and arts of the Kuomintang(KMT), ＂Pure Literature＂, and ＂Nativist Literature＂. The essay indicates that the Kuomintang's perspective on the discussion of ＂1930s Literature and Arts＂ still maintained the critique of ＂communist atrocities＂. In addition, it reshaped its ＂Free China＂ position through the fact that many 1930s writers were purged by the Chinese Communist Party. Compared with the perspective of ＂Pure Literature＂, in which right-wing ＂liberal＂ writers were much more highlighted, the discourse of ＂Nativist Literature＂ emphasized the Northeast writers’ left-wing presentation. Through the three kinds discourse of ＂1930s Literature and Arts＂ in Taiwan, the network relationship between ＂Modern Chinese Literature＂ and ＂Post-war Taiwan Literature＂ is reconsidered.