現代日語和製外來語的構詞──透過歷時性的考察

The Word Formation of Japanese-Made Loan Words in Modern Japanese: Through the Diachronic Investigation

隨著時代的變遷語言也會跟著一點一點地改變，本篇論文即探討在現代日語語彙中，變化最為顯著的和製（日本製）外來語其變遷相關之問題。本稿以固定每年發行可縱斷性捕捉語詞變化的《現代用語基礎知識》為調查資料，針對和製外來語的構詞從歷時性的角度來探討。首先，從數量變化來看外來語的語詞構造，觀察到：這近10年和製外來語的詞形有逐漸偏好變短的傾向。其次，從造詞法來看，基本上依循日語固有的造詞法所形成的外來語居多，在任何一個年代仍以合成法最為優勢。此外，近30年和製外來語的造詞法當中，特別是從80年代後半期出現了外來語其原外語詞素存在的特徵。換言之，日語和製外來語的構詞已有超出日語詞素範圍的現象，可觀察到藉由原外語詞素的構詞操作所形成的和製外來語。

With the changes of era, languages also change little by little. This article mentions about the Japanese-made loan words, which has a remarkable change in modern Japanese vocabulary. In this article, “ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CONTEMPORARY WORDS” , which is republished per year and can catch the change of vocabulary longitudinally was used as a investigation data , and the Japanese-made loan words was discussed in a diachronic way with the view of word formation. Firstly, we can see the word formation of loan words by their change of quantity and find out that the word form of loan words prefers to be shorter in the recent decade. Secondly, from the view of word formation, basically, the loan words which follow the existed Japanese word formation are majority, and the compound word formation is superiority in every era. Furthermore, the characteristic of the loan words’ original morpheme appeared in the word formation of Japanese-made loan words in the recent 30 years. That is to say, the word formation of Japanese-made loan words has exceeded the range of Japanese morpheme, and the Japanese-made loan words which were formed by the operation of their original morphemes were also observed.