老嫗情欲幻想初探──圓地文子「妖」與「遊魂」

The Old Hags' Sexual Fantasies in Enchi Fumiko's 'Enchantress' and 'Wandering Spirit'

如同眾多後現代人文學者所指出，身體乃是各種文化價值觀與經驗衝突不斷加以進行銘刻之場域，故身體與意識形態、政治權力與文化傳統之間存在著密不可分的關係。而向來作為滿足男性觀看與慾望之客體的女性身體，長期以來更為各種權力所滲透、所物化。因此，當女人隨著年齡增長而變得體老色衰，不再成為男人目光凝視追逐的焦點時，她自我的身體意識與存在價值會有何變化呢？她又承受了來自這個男性主宰的社會何種異樣的眼光與壓抑呢？本研究計書以性別理論的角度探討圓地文子身為現代女作家如何在幻想的文學世界中揉合日本傳統文化典故，以獨特的創作手法巧妙地操弄巫女狂放的符碼，形塑出有別於現實生活中刻板的老嫗意象，藉以表達在現實世界中一般女性，尤其是年老女性，被錯置、被壓抑的強烈求「生／性」之慾望。研究觀點亦將納入後現代主義評論，試圖剖析該作品如何善用互文理論與諧擬的手法，來加以解構並嘲諷壓抑高齡女性的主流論述。

As several postmodernists point out, the body is seen as the product of complex social arrangements and processes; the body serves as a container and expression of the self, as the object of social and cultural control, and as a repository of shifting gender, sexual, aging and class categories. Therefore, the female body which has been objectified by the voyeuristic gaze of men has long been manipulated by various power structures. However, when a woman aged and no longer an object of man's gaze, what would have become of her in terms of identity and self-esteem? What kind of pressure or discrimination in society would she have to put up with?In this research I will present a gender perspective to reexamine the fantastic worlds created by Enchi Fumiko in order to manifest how the writer has tactically manipulated the traditional yet wild images of old hags, such as miko, to distinctly articulate the old women's desire of sexuality. This research will not only investigate how Enchi has parodied the patriarchal system from the post-modernist perspective, but also provide an in-depth literary analysis of Enchi's works which are explicitly attempted with sexual political intension.