從歷史小說的觀點來論井上靖的《蒼狼》的結構

The Structure of Inoue Yasusi's Blue Wolf: A Historical Perspective

井上靖在二次大戰末期閱讀了那珂通世博士的《成吉思汗實錄》（《元朝秘史》），由於深受吸引，因此決定要書寫有關蒙古民族發展的歷史。《蒼狼》即是在這樣的動機下於昭和三十五（1960）年誕生的作品。井上靖說自己最想寫成吉思汗的部分是解開成吉思汗的無限的征服欲究竟如何產生的這份秘密。基於這樣的創作意圖，井上靖筆下的成吉思汗成為為了證明自己是蒙古祖先蒼狼的後代，因而不斷地戰鬥與侵略。然而井上靖所設計的這個「蒼狼原理」立即受到評論家大岡昇平的強烈批評。大岡昇平認為「蒼狼原理」完全是作者先入為主的觀念所致，為了符合這個原理，作者不惜歪曲史實。當然井上靖當然也提出反駁，主要的理由是《元朝秘史》並不是一部史書，因此不會發生歪曲事實的事情發生……等。本論文的主旨不在於評論誰的觀點正確，而是分析「蒼狼原理」的架構如何鋪成，當中的邏輯問題如何處理，《蒼狼》作為一部歷史小說具有甚麼樣的特質……等問題。探討的順序為首先比較《蒼狼》與原作《成吉思汗實錄》（《元朝秘史》），從中尋找出《蒼狼》遵循史實的部分與虛構的部分，然後再探討遵循史實與虛構這兩個部份如何連結而成，最終嘗試分析井上靖在《蒼狼》這部作品中所欲呈現出來的具現代意義的主題。

At the end of WWII, Inoue Yasusi read The Story of Genghis Khan (Genchou Hishi, The Secret History of the Mongols) of Dr. Naka Michiyo and decided to write about the history of Mongol nation. Blue Wolf (Aoki Ookami): A Novel of the Life of Genghis Khan, written in 1960, is therefore a work created by this motivation. According to Inoue, what interests him the most would be the cause of Genghis Khan's ceaseless ambition. Hence, he intends to unravel this mystery by writing. Based on this intention, the Genghis Khan created by Inoue becomes a man who, by constant fighting and invading, attempts to prove that he is a descendant of blue wolf (the ancestor of Mongols). Despite this, ”the blue wolf principle” designed by Inoue had encountered strong criticism by Ooka Shohei. Ooka thinks that ”the blue wolf principle” stems completely from the prejudice of Inoue. Furthermore, Ooka points out that Inoue even distort historical facts in order to fit his theory. Of course, Inoue made a retort immediately that The Secret History of the Mongols is not a historical document. Therefore, it is impossible for him to make misrepresentations. The aim of this thesis is not to tell right from wrong, but to analyze how ”the blue wolf principle” works and how it deals with the logical issues in the novel. Also, this essay seeks to probe into Blue Wolf's characteristics as a historical novel as well as its other issues. The order of my discussion will first be comparison between Blue Wolf and the source of writing, The Story of Genghis Khan (The Secret History of the Mongols). By comparing them, I will figure out the true and fictional parts of Blue Wolf. Then, I will investigate how Inoue connects fact and fiction in his novel. Finally, I attempt to analyze the modern theme that Inoue tries to convey by Blue Wolf.