多向度社會支持量表之心理計量特質探討－－以遭受莫拉克風災青少年為例

Psychometric Properties of a Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale for Adolescents Exposed to Typhoon Morakot

社會支持對於身心健康具極大影響，特別是遭受災難民眾，然要確認社會支持與身心健康兩者關係，需仰賴心理計量特質良好的測量工具。本研究目的是建構適用於災後青少年的多向度社會支持量表，並以受莫拉克風災侵襲後的南部高中職學生作為心理計量特質的樣本。本研究結果顯示：此份社會支持量表具有良好構念效度，且具良好的同時效度，因為（一）最後、最佳的二階四因素暨一階三因素之測量模型，能充分解釋學生在這些題項的社會支持感受表現，其中3個一階因素分別代表情緒性、工具性與訊息性等3種不同類型的支持構念，而這4個高階因素代表4個不同來源的社會支持整體構念；（二）不論支持類型或來源，社會支持量表與焦慮、憂鬱均有負相關，且來自於家人親戚、朋友同學的社會支持，與焦慮、憂鬱的負相關，比來自於老師或政府機構輔導人員、民間慈善團體人員的社會支持更強。在支持來源或類型上，此份社會支持量表及其分量表都具有很好的信度，且各分量表及全量表與其題項間都具有密切相關。

Social support greatly contributes to physical and mental health, especially for people affected by natural disasters. It is necessary to develop a psychometrically sound measurement of social support to assess the relationships between social support and health. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the self-reported multidimensional social support scale has good psychometric characteristics for adolescents affected by super typhoon Morakot. The findings of this study show that firstly, this social support scale has good construct validity and concurrent validity since the data can be explained by the four factors of the second-order and three factors of the first-order models. The three factors of the first-order model can be termed emotional, instrumental and information support constructs, respectively, and the four factors of the second-order represent the whole social support construct from the four sources of social support. Secondly, social support was negatively associated with anxiety and depression regardless of the type of social support. Finally, this scale and each sub-scale all had good reliability, and the items were highly correlated with this scale or each sub-scale.