體現認知的心理學觀點及研究取向

Perspectives and Approaches for Psychological Researches of Embodied Cognition

體現認知是當前認知心理學的重要思潮，但是體現認知研究課題在台灣認知心理學學界的發展相對晚於其它在台灣紮根的認知科學相關領域。至今尚未有分析當代體現認知觀點的專業心理學中文論文，指出體現認知如何提昇台灣認知心理學研究格局的方向。Wilson（2002）批判六種明顯影響當代心理學研究的體現認知觀點，指出在演化意義上，最佳的體現認知觀點是人體的物質條件承載心智運作的假設。另一方面，從Rowlands（2010）討論的四種非笛卡兒式認知科學架構：體現化、嵌合化、引動化與擴展化，可以找到不依賴心智表徵的訊息處理系統，描述人類心智應運作的哲學基礎。歸納兩方的觀點，確認符合體現認知的訊息處理模型，要能滿足三項條件：（一）訊息酬載物的結構與人類感官的訊息接收功能的相容性；（二）訊息酬載物呈現的訊息能被人類感官獲得的條件；（三）施予訊息酬載物的動作有益或減損訊息的獲得。以三項條件評估，訊息的可獲性是最當前台灣心理學界最有能力進行的體現認知研究課題。回顧近年嬰幼兒認知，以及情緒認知評估等基礎研究成果，顯示己有充分的研究實力。在己有研究基礎的課題中發掘體現認知意義，以及持續對體現認知觀點進行理論的批判，可能重新塑造台灣認知心理學的研究格局。

Embodied cognition has been a potential approach in the cognitive psychology, whereas embodied cognition in cognitive psychology has developed later than the other fields in cognitive science in Taiwan. Psychological reviews in Chinese that analyze current perspectives on embodied cognition are necessary to evaluate its impact on the development of cognitive psychology in Taiwan. This article analyzed the criticisms of the six views of embodied cognition by Wilson (2002). She praised the view of body based information processing system in considering the evolution of human mind. The philosophical fundamental of information processing system without mental representations is revealed in the discussions of four non-Cartesian cognitive scientific frameworks: embodied, embedded, enacted, and extended, summarized by Rowlands (2010). Summing up both perspectives, an information processing system of embodied cognition is suggested to include the following - first, the structure of information-bearing objects which is compatible with the function of human sensory organs; and second, the available information which human sensory organs receive from information-bearing objects; and last, the action on information-bearing objects that augments or diminishes the information received. In consideration of the three characteristics, information availability would be the critical topic initiating the studies of embodied cognition in Taiwan. A review of the findings in recent studies, including fundamental research on infant cognition and cognitive evaluations of emotion, revealed the potential of Taiwan cognitive psychologists to conduct the advanced researches of embodied cognition. The situation of cognitive psychology in Taiwan will change when researchers are thinking implications of embodied cognition in their research topics and criticizing perspectives of embodied cognition theoretically.