登錄流暢性與曝光效果

Encoding Fluency and the Mere Exposure Effect

重複呈現本身就足以增加對於物體的喜好（Zajonc, 1968），但目前對於與伴隨刺激曝光或登錄而出現的情境是否及如何影響曝光效應之研究很有限。過去研究發現，登錄作業的注意力狀況會影響偏好判斷（Griffiths & Mitchell, 2008; Raymond et al., 2003; Yagi et al., 2009），本研究則檢視曝光時的處理流暢性是否能影響曝光效應。學習階段以flanker方式呈現中性的線條輪廓物體，要求參與者念名，測驗階段則需作偏好判斷。學習階段若在忽略的狀況下重複呈現，則產生負向促發（negative priming, NP）以及不流暢的處理，並且無法在測驗階段產生顯著的曝光效應，注意狀況下的重複呈現則出現與控制組相同幅度的曝光效應（實驗一）。當促發與偵測項呈現時的空間型態變動時，忽略重複狀況下的負向促發效果消失而曝光效果恢復（實驗二）。實驗三以受試者內設計操弄空間型態相似性，其結果複驗前兩個實驗的發現。這些發現支持登錄流暢性的確影響曝光效應，而且登錄流暢性是直接與偏好連結而造成曝光效應的改變。

Mere repetition is sufficient to increase one's liking towards an object (Zajonc, 1968), yet it is not clear whether and how conditions accompanying item exposure or encoding may impact the mere exposure effect (MEE). Previous studies showed that attentional conditions in the encoding task can influence affective judgments (Griffiths & Mitchell, 2008; Raymond, Fenske, & Tavassoli, 2003; Yagi, Ikoma, & Kikuchi, 2009). This study examines whether the fluency of processing during encoding may mediate the mere exposure effect. Line-drawn, affectively neutral objects were presented in flanker displays that required naming responses in the study phase, followed by a test phase of liking judgments. Items that underwent ignored repetition in the study phase exhibited negative priming (NP) and thus disfluent processing, and they failed to produce reliable mere exposure effects in the test phase. Equivalent MEEs were found for items in the attended repetition and control conditions (Experiment 1). Altering the display layouts between the prime and the probe trials diminished the NP effect and recovered the MEE in the ignored repetition condition (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 manipulated contextual similarity in a within-subject design and the results replicated findings of previous experiments. These findings support that encoding fluency does affect the MEE and it is directly linked to liking, which impacts the resultant MEE.