企業文化的解讀與分析──以三個大型民營企業為例

DECIPHERING AND ANALYZING CORPORATE CULTURE: A STUDY OF THREE LARGE PRIVATE CORPORATIONS

企業文化的研究，應以對個別企業的深入了解為基礎。本文的三位作者，會分別以不同身份進入企業，嘗試以不同方法了解個別企業的文化特性，或解讀其文化內涵意義。本文分別報告了三個研究的研究方法與結果。研究一採用契合取向，探討一家紡織業的組織特性、個人特性、及其間的契合程度。研究二根據Schein（1992）所提出的組織文化模式與對文化的解讀步驟，探討一家營建業的組織文化。研究三則是研究者以臨床取向的方法，應邀為一家電機業建構其組織文化。這三個研究的共同目的，都是希望經由研究者對組織的親身參與，借用或修正國外學者提供的程序，以深入了解或體驗個別組織文化。本文最後並根據三個研究觀察所得，探討本土企業的文化特質，檢討企業文化的研究方法，並提出企業文化塑造與發展的可行途徑。

Studies on Corporate Culture should be based on a thorough understanding of individual corporations. The three authors of this paper tried to understand the cultural characteristics of individual corporations and to decipher their cultural significance using different methods by in-situ corporate field work. The research methods adopted and their results are reported in this paper. Study I adopted the person-organization fit approach to study a textile plant's organizational characteristics, individual characteristics and their degree of fitness. Study II was based on Schein's (1992) organizational culture model and procedure of deciphering organizatioal culture and was focused on a construction firm. Study III used a clinical methodology in which the researcher was invited to model the corporate culture of a electrical fixtures company. These three studies have as their common goal to thoroughly understand or experience individual organizational cultures by the authors' personal involvement and by adopting or revising procedures suggested by foreign scholars. Lastly, the cultural characteristics of local corporations and the research methods applicable were discussed based on observations made in the three studies. Possible pathways on modeling and developing corporate culture were likewise proposed.