夫妻間幽默運用及其影響

Effect of Humor on Marital Relationships

本研究從夫妻對偶互動觀點，探討夫妻間的幽默運用動機與運用型態，分析其對夫妻婚姻品質的影響。資料來源為大台北地區390對已婚夫妻，測量內容包括幽默動機、幽默型態、婚姻品質及其他人口控制變項，採取因素分析、潛在類型分析及階層線性模型等方法進行分析。主要結果顯示：（一）幽默運用之動機可分為利他動機、利關係動機及利己動機三因素；幽默型態則分為自我貶抑（以自己為玩笑題材）、挖苦嘲諷（以別人為玩笑題材）及詼諧戲謔（以文字為玩笑題材）三因素。利他與利關係的幽默動機、詼諧戲謔的幽默型態以及婚姻品質等方面，丈夫的分數均顯著高於妻子。（二）夫妻間幽默型態的運用類型可分為「夫詼諧自貶型」、「雙多元運用型」、「雙少用幽默型」及「妻嘲諷自貶型」，分別各占25%、25%、14%及35%。（三）利關係動機愈高的夫妻有愈高的充實感；而比起「妻嘲諷自貶型」夫妻，幽默運用類型為「夫詼諧自貶型」或「雙少用幽默型」的夫妻有較高的婚姻品質；此外，夫妻充實感因性別與幽默運用類型的交互作用，或幽默動機與運用類型的交互作用而不同。這些結果凸顯幽默在華人夫妻間的獨特意義與作用。

This study explored the motivation for and the type of humor used by married couples from the perspective of dydic interaction, and examined the effects of motivation and dyadic humor patterns on marital quality. Data were collected from 390 married couples in Greater Taipei area. The measurement included motivations for humor, types of humor, marital quality (satisfaction and regret), and control variables. Factor analysis, latent profile analysis and hierarchical linear models were applied. The main results showed that (1) the motivations for humor were divided into three categories: altruistic, relational, and self-interested; the types of humor were categorized into three types: self-deprecating (oneself as a joke theme), ridiculing (others as a joke theme) and jocosity (words as a joke theme). Husbands had higher scores than wives on relational and self-interested motivation, and used jocosity more often. Husbands also reported higher levels of marital quality than wives. (2) The dyadic humor patterns could be identified as Husband Jocosity and Self-deprecating, Dual Multiplicity, Dual Rarely Use and Wife Ridiculing and Self-deprecating. The four patterns had proportions of about 25%, 25%, 14%, and 35%, respectively. (3) Couples who reported higher relational motivation reported more satisfaction. The Wife Ridiculing and Self-deprecating couples reported lower marital quality than the Husband Jocosity and Self-deprecating and Dual Rarely Use couples. Moreover, the interaction terms of gender and dyadic humor pattern and of humorous motivation and dyadic humor pattern showed significant effects on marital satisfaction. These results highlight the role of traditional culture and traditional gender roles in the humor patterns of marital couples.