應用行動模式／改變模式之圖式規劃灣的學習共同體方案

APPLYING THE ACTION MODEL/CHANGE MODEL SCHEMA IN PLANNING THE LEARNING COMMUNITY PROGRAM IN TAIWAN

評鑑通常在促進方案改進的歷程中是最後一個步驟，評鑑結果可以提供方案計劃者與利害關係人了解方案缺失，以便在下一階段謀求改善。不過，近來在設計階段即運用評鑑工具與原則以改進方案計劃的歷程上，有日益繁增的興趣。在本文，我們討論了一個較為新近發展的評鑑工具－－行動模式／改變模式，作為引導臺灣一項大型教育方案－－學習領導下的學習共同體（簡稱學習共同體方案）的規劃，同時也作為評鑑架構之用。我們組織了工作小組會議發展學習共同體的行動模式／改變模式之圖式（schema）。在會議中，參與者討論了圖式中的要素、要素與方案的關連，以及從圖式的發展中所習得的經驗。而針對會議中蒐集的質性資料，採內容分析法進行分析。經過整個圖式發展的過程後，參與者表示行動模式／改變模式之圖式提供了一個討論與發展方案計畫的有效平台，激發了批判性思考，有助於確認方案的主要要素，且提供了評鑑設計一個整全性的引導。該圖式是一個較為新近發展的工具，能俾利評鑑者與利害關係人清楚描繪方案或設計方案，只是目前在少數發表的論文中僅見其應用於公共健康方案。故而，本研究所獲得的結果，一方面可提升教育與其他方案使用該圖式進行方案計劃與評鑑設計，另一方面對於未來在評鑑計劃工具的運用上，亦有鼓勵作用。

Evaluation is often the final step in running social betterment programs. For improvement, evaluation findings inform program planners and stakeholders about program shortcomings. However, interest has recently grown in applying evaluation tools and principles to programs from the design stage, to improve planning. We discuss the application of a relatively new evaluation tool, the action model/change model schema, for guiding the planning of a large-scale education program, the Learning Community under Leadership for Learning (Learning Community Program) in Taiwan and serving as a framework for evaluation at the same time. We organized work-group meetings for the development of an action model/change model schema for the Learning Community Program. The participants discussed the components of the schema and how they related to the program, as well as the lessons learned from the experience of developing the schema. Content analysis was applied to the qualitative data collected during the work-group meetings. The participants indicated that the schema provided an effective platform for discussing and developing the program plan. The schema also stimulated critical thinking, helped identify the major components of the program, and provided a holistic guide for the evaluation design. The action model/change model schema is a relatively new tool used by evaluators to assist stakeholders in describing or designing a program more effectively. Few published articles discuss its applications in public health programs. This study investigated the application of the schema to an education program outside the United States. The lessons learned from this application can promote the schema as an effective tool for planning and designing the evaluation of education and other programs, as well as encourage the use of evaluation planning tools for strengthening program designs in the future.