家長式領導動態歷程分析：以頂尖運動員及其教練為例

The Analysis of Dynamic Processes in Paternalistic Leadership: The Relationship between Elite Tennis Players and Their Coaches

在家長式領導三元模式的理論基礎下，本研究採用貫時性的考察、質化的主題性分析，探討台灣男子頂尖網球球員的運動成長歷程與教練領導間的關係，以了解教練所展現之威權、仁慈及德行領導行為，如何隨時間演進而發生動態變化。本研究深度訪談中世代與新世代台灣男子網球排名第一的頂尖球員各1名及其教練共6名，藉由球員運動生涯發展的完整檢視，從敘說資料萃取教練與球員的互動歷程，以檢視威權、仁慈及德行三元領導行為的變化歷程。結果發現：（1）教練的家長式領導會隨著時間而產生變化。（2）三元領導的展現會因世代的發展與成熟度，而出現不同的組合；中世代為三元領導均衡發展，只是優先順序不同；新世代則為三元領導的比重各有不同。（3）三元領導的展現與變化是教練、球員及環境交互影響下的結果。此結果顯示，隨著運動員的生涯發展與需求改變，教練領導行為亦會發生變化。這種動態歷程可以對領導理論、教練實務，以及運動員的養成有所啟發。

This study explores the dynamic processes amongst the 3 elements of paternalistic leadership (authoritarian leadership, benevolent leadership, moral character leadership). Through a longitudinal in-depth approach, this study examines 2 top Taiwanese male tennis players and their interactions with a total of 6 coaches in their development trajectories. Data sources included interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis yields 3 important findings. First, paternalistic leadership does not remain stable. Rather, it evolves over time. Second, the dynamic interplay amongst its 3 elements results in different compositions, and such compositions are affected by the social context and players' accomplishments. Third, the dynamic interplay is jointly constructed by the players, their coaches, and the social contexts in which interaction unfolds. The implication is that players require different combinations of the 3 paternalistic leadership elements depending on their developmental trajectory.