民法典繼承編引入“特留份”制度的合理性追問－－兼論現有“必留份”制度之完善

Reflections on the Opportunity of Introducing the 'Forced Heirship' into Chinese Succession Law: And the Possible Way to Improve the Actual 'Necessary Portion' System

關於特留份制度的引入，在我國未來民法典繼承編制定的討論中佔有重要地位，主流學者對此持肯定態度。然而通過分析可以發現，特留份制度的引入與我國繼承法的傳統原則存在衝突，其在實際操作中也 會產生諸多難題和漏洞，該制度引入的必要性論證並不充分。因此，在未來的民法典制定中放棄引入特留份制度的嘗試，是明智之舉。為了能夠更有效地實現對遺囑自由的限制，我國有必要對既有的必留份制度加以完善，尤其是擴大必留份權利人之範圍、明確必留份資格之判斷時間及份額的確定標準、強化必留份權利人的救濟途徑等。

The introduction of the 'forced heirship system' occupies an important position in the current debate about the codification of Chinese law of successions. The majority of Chinese scholars are supportive for its introduction, a fine analysis however reveals the great risk of such enterprise: the reasons given to justify the forced heirship are largely insufficient; this institution contrasts with the traditional principles of Chinese law of successions; the immature legislation of such a complicated issue can engender various difficulties. In conclusion, the abandon of the forced heirship doctrine can be seen as a better choice. In order to limit the freedom of disposition by wills more efficiently, it is suggested to improve our 'necessary portion system', especially to prolong the list of beneficiaries, to clarify the quality of the beneficiaries, to settle rules for the determination of the necessary portion, and to provide more efficient legal remedies.