論十二年國教課綱審議程序的正當行政程序要求

A STUDY ON THE LEGITIMATE REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE DUE PROCESS OF THE DELIBERATION TO THE CURRICULUM GUIDELINES OF 12-YEAR BASIC EDUCATION

研究目的：本文旨在研究十二年國民基本教育課程綱要的審議程序中，需要具備的正當行政程序要求，同時也處理十二年國教課綱法律性質的爭議，試圖建構課綱審議程序的正當行政程序要求與釐清課綱的性質，達到憲法保障教育基本權的目的。研究設計／方法／取徑：本文採用文獻探討方式，透過建構十二年國教課綱的正當行政程序，檢視現行的課綱審議程序是否有達到此項要求。研究發現或結論：首先，本文認為課綱至少應屬相對法律保留事項，並將課綱的法律性質定性為法規命令。其次，本文確立正當行政程序有其憲法上的依據，並依此開展正當行政程序的內涵。最後，本文以上述理論的建構，檢討現行十二年國教課綱審議程序，認為現行十二年國教課綱的審議程序，違反公正作為義務中的組織適法、對受告知權漏未規範、違反聽證權的要求、應負說明理由的義務。研究原創性／價值：十二年國教課綱的審議，現正如火如荼地展開，針對課綱審議程序的正當行政程序要求，則較少見諸於法學文獻中，作為初步的嘗試，本文希望能對課綱的審議提供些許建議。 Purpose: This article aims at studying the current Administrative Due Process on the deliberation of the Curriculum Guidelines of 12-year Basic Education. In the meanwhile, the requirements of the legitimate administrative process and the disputes over the legal nature of the curriculum guidelines are clarified for establishing a cornerstone of achieving the goal of Constitutional protection for the fundamental education right. Design/methodology/approach: Taking literature review as a pathway to analyze the archives of records, execution of administration, and the underlying ideology, the realization of the essences implemented in the Curriculum Guidelines of 12-year Basic Education is therefore comprehensively examined by constructing its Administrative Due Process. Findings: Overall, this study contends that the curriculum guidelines should be considered as an instance of Relative Legal-Reserved Affairs to the least extent, and its legal nature ought to belong to Legal Order. In addition, this article confirms a constitutional basis for the Administrative Due Process, and we can deploy the extension of its legal connotation accordingly. In conclusion, the deliberation of the Curriculum Guidelines of 12-year Basic Education in operation violates the duty to act fairly, the right to be informed, the right to be heard, and the duty to give reasons. Originality/value: It is witnessed that the deliberation of the Curriculum Guidelines of 12-year Basic Education is proceeding in full swing; however, it still lacks of thoughtful discussion in the field of law about the legitimate requirements for the deliberation of Administrative Due Process. As an initial attempt, this article puts forward useful advises to the deliberation of the curriculum guidelines from the perspectives of process of deliberation, Constitutional education right, and completeness of law.