建築物避難區規劃模擬研究

A Study on Refuge Positioning in a Building

When fire breaks out in a building, disabled people, pregnant women and senior citizens may move slowly and have difficulty in going downstairs. British BS-9999 stipulates that a building should establish refuges for the refuge minority's temporary stay and waiting for rescue. This study adopts Pathfinder for simulation and discovers that refuge establishment can help shorten the time of escape. However, it makes not much difference to set refuges in stairs, a protected lobby, and corridors. When the pressurized anti-smoke system exists in the space of a refuge, it can be inferred from a formula that the required amount of pressurized air is less when the air leakage volume of the pressurized anti-smoke system set in the protected lobby in front of stairs is less. To sum up, positioning a refuge in the protected lobby in front of stairs is not a bad choice. 建築物發生火災時，行動不便者、孕婦、年長者可能有行動緩慢及下樓梯之障礙，英國BS-9999規定應設置避難區提供避難者暫時停留以及等待救援。本研究採用避難模擬軟體進行模擬發現，設置避難區可有效縮短樓層避難完成時間。本研究發現，避難區設置於樓梯內、樓梯前室、走廊，對於樓層避難完成時間並無顯著差異。當避難區有設置加壓防煙設備時，以公式推導發現，空間連接門，空氣洩漏量，加壓空氣量有關連性。樓梯前室連接的門相對較少，加壓防煙的漏煙量較少，所需的加壓空氣量也較少，以此觀點，避難區設置在前室是一個不錯的選擇。