荷蘭DBFMO專案中的創新解決方案

Innovative Solutions in Dutch DBFMO Projects

Integrated building contracts are assumed to result in lower costs, better performance and more innovative solutions as a result of a collaborative environment, output specifications and long-time commitment. Life cycle costs can be reduced when investment and exploitation costs are brought in line with one another. The Dutch government gave some years ago the green light for the Public Private Partnership (PPP) model to be applied in the construction and renovation of government real estate. This means that market parties can become involved in renovation and new-build projects, but also in maintenance, facility services, operation and financing. DBFMO (Design, Build, Finance, Maintain & Operate) is the core of public-private partnerships. The DBFMO model covers the entire process, from the production of a design to a fully operational building with all the associated services. A study was focused on finding empirical evidence for product innovations effecting maintenance costs and energy-use in DBFMO office projects compared to traditional delivered office projects. It is assumed that in DBFMO contracts innovations effecting maintenance and energy-use are of direct benefit for the contractor and thus the most easy to find. Two DBFMO office projects were compared with five traditionally delivered office projects. Applied research methods were explorative interviews with clients and contractors about DBFMO contracting, case-studies focusing on maintenance costs and energy-use calculations and expert interviews with contracting parties. Within the DBFMO projects four products and design choices can be considered to be innovations effecting maintenance costs and energy-use. Besides some incremental maintenance process innovations were found. The innovations found can be considered as the successful transfer of knowledge between consortium members that would have worked separately in case of a traditional build project. 整合性的建案承包模式，被認為會因其合作式環境、輸出規範、長期投入等特質，達到更省錢、更高性能、更創新等成效。因為同時考量了投資成本及營運成本，所以可降低建物生命週期裡的加總成本。幾年前，荷蘭政府開放民間參與公共建設的模式（PPP, Public Private Partnership），准許將其應用於政府建設的營建及整修。這意味著民間業者不單可參與專案的整修或新建工程，更可投入相關的維護、服務提供、營運、籌資等項目。DBFMO（Design, Build, Finance, Maintain & Operate，設計、營造、籌資、維護及營運）就是這種公私協力關係的核心內涵。DBFMO模式涵蓋了從設計規劃，到建物完工營運並啟動所有相關服務的完整過程。本研究的目的是尋找經驗實證，驗證以DBFMO模式運作的辦公大樓相較於傳統點交模式，是否真能透過產品創新來節省維護費用及耗能。研究中假設維護成本及耗能兩者，是DBFMO承包商最能直接受惠於創新解決方案的面向，因此也最容易由此切入驗證。本研究針對兩棟DBFMO模式和五棟傳統點交模式的辦公大樓作出比較。研究方法包括：深入訪談業主和承包商對DBFMO承包模式的看法，維護成本和耗能計算的個案研究，及各方參與者的專家訪談。在DBFMO的兩項專案中，共找出四處產品及設計決策上的創新，確實對後續的維護及耗能造成影響。另外，也找到一些漸進式維護過程上的創新。這些創新有別於傳統點交模式裡的各自為政，可視為專案參與成員之間成功的知識傳承。