英國之低碳住宅施工之分析

Low Carbon Housing in the UK: Analysis of Construction Practice

Changes to the building fabric and more efficient services are expected to achieve 70% reduction in energy use. Reducing carbon emissions to less than 7 Kg CO2/m^2. However, the policies that should make us inure 'sustainable' are not matched with details nor reliable processes. In construction, like most other business sectors, we've adopted the word sustainability to improve the industry's image and provide an agenda for change, but research has shown buildings are not meeting the 'grand' design standards that we aspire to. All the 15 houses intensively monitored by the research centre performed worse than predicted, with heat losses ranging from 9-125% higher than the design values. Data collected from observations during site visits have revealed a number of practices that result in buildings that do not perform as designed. In part, it is suggested that the variations in build result from poor design, management, workmanship and failure to commission buildings and their services properly. Incomplete detailing of complicated junctions is also playing a significant part in the failures. Where information does not exist, site staff are making up the design on site without knowing the significance of their decisions. The standards that we aim towards will only be met if we pay attention to detail and ensure operations are managed correctly. From the research that has been undertaken, a list of reoccurring defects has been produced with the aim of avoiding such problems in the future. 改變建築表面材與提供更具效能之服務預期能減70%之能源使用，而且碳排放量減至少每平方公尺七公斤。然而，應該更永續的策略，並不符合現況的細節也沒有可靠的進程。以建築來說，就像其他商業部分，我們採用了永續這個字眼來改善產業形象並提供一個議程來進行改變，然而，研究顯示建築物並無符合我們嚮往的理想建築設計標準。本研究中心密集監控了十五間住宅的表現，比預期的還差，熱損耗在9-125%之範圍中比設計數值還高。資料乃於參觀現場之觀察中收集，顯示一系列的建築並未依照設計操作。就部分而言，本文建議應由不良設計、管理、技術水平以及未適度提供服務諸項目加以改進。過度複雜的組合，不完整的細節同時也是失敗的關鍵。當資訊不存在時，現場人員不了解其所做決定的重要性。若我們能專注於細節並確保正確的管理執行作業，那麼即能符合我們的目標標準。由所實施之研究中列出一張以重複發生過之問題，以避免未來再度發生。