臺灣公民參與科技議題活動與參訪科學工藝類博物館的關係及變化

The Relationship and Variation between Taiwanese Citizens' Public Engagement with Activities of Scientific Issues and Visiting Science and Technology Museums

面對不斷創新的科技時代，提升全民科學素養以面對科技帶來的衝擊，刻不容緩，公民參與科學是科學素養中重要的一環，參訪非制式科學與科技類博物館於促進及支持公民參與科技活動扮演重要的角色，但確切成效的證據難以收集。本研究旨在透過2015及2018年臺灣公民科技素養調查計畫研究數據量化統計分析，探討2015及2018年臺灣公民參與科技議題活動及參訪科學工藝類博物館的關係及其變化，以間接瞭解公民參訪科學工藝類博物館對其參與科技議題活動的可能影響。本研究以2015及2018年臺灣地區年滿18歲以上之公民為研究對象，以機率比例抽樣法抽取研究樣本1,831人及1,657人，透過專人面訪蒐集資料，並透過獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數及相關性分析數據。研究結果發現：一、2015及2018年臺灣公民以「透過網路反應意見」、「加入志工」及「參加民間團體活動」等為主要參與科技議題的活動，2018年臺灣公民參與科技議題活動的比例及頻率，均有顯著性提升，且以年齡較高及學歷較低族群提升最多。二、2015年臺灣公民參訪科學工藝類博物館主要族群為學歷較高及年齡較低的公民，2018年臺灣公民參訪科學工藝類博物館比例及頻率，亦有顯著提升，以年齡較高及學歷較低族群提升最多。三、2015及2018年臺灣公民均非常認同非制式科學教育機構具教育功能及參訪有助提升其科學素養，2018年以經常參訪、女性、年齡較高及學歷較低等族群認同度提升較高。四、2015及2018年臺灣公民參訪科學工藝類博物館次數愈高，參與科技議題活動頻率愈高，呈現顯著正相關，2018年其兩者間的正相關愈加提升。五、2015及2018年臺灣公民參訪科學工藝類博物館次數愈高，愈認同非制式科學教育機構具教育功能及有助提升科學素養，呈現顯著正相關，2018年其兩者間的正相關愈加提升。綜合上述結果顯示，2015與2018年比較，2018年以年齡較高及學歷較低的公民在參訪科學工藝類博物館及參與科技議題活動的比例及頻率，提升最為顯著，且以參訪科學工藝類博物館的次數愈高，愈認同非制式科學教育機構能提升科學素養的態度，且有愈高的參與科技議題活動頻率，值得後續進一步探討參訪科學工藝類博物館如何促進及支持公民參與科技議題活動及提升其科學素養，本研究並提供後續博物館觀眾研究及營運實務之建議。 Facing the innovative era of science and technology (S&T), it is urgent to enhance the citizens' scientific literacy. Public engagement with science (PES) is an important issue of scientific literacy. Therefore, S&T museums play an important role in enhancing or supporting PES, but they have lacked convincing data. This study investigated the relationship and variation between Taiwanese citizens' visiting S&T museums and public engagement with activities of scientific issues in 2015 and 2018, and further analyzed visitors' attitudes toward to informal scientific education institutes (ISEIs) to discuss indirectly the influence of visiting S&T museums and public engagement with activities of scientific issues. The representative adult samples of 1,831 and 1,657 citizens were surveyed in 2015 and 2018, using probability proportional to size sampling method. Face interviewed with selected citizens to get information. Then, we used Independent-sample t test, One-way ANOVA and correlation analysis to analyze the data. Five major findings showed as follows: 1) The respondents have reported PES those was who had spoken out through the internet, followed in descending order by those who had volunteers of associated scientific event and attended of events hosted by civil society in 2015 and 2018. The ratio and frequency of public engagement with activities of scientific issues were significantly increased in 2018 more than 2015. 2) The major characters of Taiwanese citizens' visiting S&T museums were higher educational background and lower age in 2015. The ratio and frequency of visiting S&T museums significantly increased in 2018 more than 2015. The major increased groups were lower educational background and higher age in 2018. 3) Taiwanese citizens showed highly positive attitudes towards to ISEIs could enhance scientific literacy in 2015 and 2018. The major groups which increased positive attitudes towards to ISEIs were frequently visiting, female, lower educational background and higher age in 2018. Positive attitudes towards to ISEIs including ISEIs were good educational in institutes and visiting ISEIs could enhance understanding of S&T. 4) Visiting S&T museums and public engagement with activities of scientific issues were significantly positive correlated in 2015 and 2018. The correlation was significantly increased in 2018 more than 2015. 5) Taiwanese citizens' were more frequent visiting S&T museums; they showed more positive attitudes towards to ISEIs than those who are not and less visiting S&T museums in 2015 and 2018. The correlation was significantly increased in 2018 more than 2015. Summarized the above results demonstrated that Taiwanese citizens showed much more ratio and frequency of public engagement with activities of scientific issues and visiting S&T museums in 2018 more than 2015. The major increased groups of Taiwanese citizens were lower educational background and higher age in 2018. They also much more thought the ISEIs could provide the well educational resource and enhance understanding of S&T in 2015 and 2018. The research provided implications for the impact study and application of PES and visiting S&T museums in the future.