日治初期屏東平原粵籍六堆空間和辨務署轄域變動

Liu Dwei Organization and Change of the bian-wu-shu(辨務署) Administrative districts in the Pingtung Plain during the early Japanese era

清代屏東平原的開發和族群互動的關係相繫，國家的治理也發展出特殊的脈絡，在鳳山縣轄下的港西里、港東里地方自治中，粵籍人士又以六堆組織作為地方聯繫的系統，在明治28年（1895）日人領臺登陸之際，粵籍人士曾以六堆組織進行反抗行動，隨著後來的軍事鎮壓和行政管轄措施，粵籍六堆組織所對應的空間，也被納入地方管理，在明治34年（1901）實施廳制之前的六年中，粵籍的六堆堆域從獨立一署的編制，漸漸發展為分屬不同的辨務署，此行政空間的發展，被視為六堆堆域的裂解，此轉折過程的發展，究竟當時殖民政府是如何考量行政空間安排？本文嘗試透過系統性的相關史料檔案檢視日治初期政府如何認識六堆？對於屏東平原的行政空間範圍劃設，是否有影響？從臺灣總督府檔案文書和《臺灣日日新報》的資料中，發現日本殖民政府領臺不久即由地方調查員的報告和民情回應，建立了對粵籍部落人士的忠義、團結、自治等印象，在明治30年（1897）臺灣總督府劃設辨務署的考量，是以地理形勢、人口多寡、交通便利為參酌原則，但在屏東地區卻先遷就族群關係，而將六堆作同一署治理，不過因為六堆空間相隔太遠，最後政府思考到徵稅等地方實務的空間便利性，回到地理形勢的衡量，於是六堆堆域就被劃入不同辨務署，和相鄰閩籍地域合併，明治31年（1898）、明治33年（1900）行政轄域調整，屏東平原均設三署，六堆分屬三署，其中關於族群屬性的思考轉以族群融合為原則。 The Local Administration of the Qing Dynasty had a specialized context in Pingtung Plain Region. Among the Gangxili(港西里) and Gangdongli(港東里) under the Fengshan County(鳳山縣),the Hakka People managed local affairs and villages cooperation with the Liu Dwei Organization in Qing .In the early days of the Japanese era, the Liu Dwei area were once set in an administrative district(辨務署), but later separated into different districts. This article attempts to explore the relationship between Liu Dwei organization of organizations and administrative district changes. Why this district system changed during 1895~1901? (the emergence of another new administrative system in 1901.) This article use the Taiwan Governor-general's Archives《台灣總督府檔案》 and the '' Taiwan Nichinichi Shimpo''《台灣日日新報》 to analysis how the government knew the Liu Dwei Organization at the beginning of the Japanese era. How did the colonial government consider the principle of the administrative space arrangements? The results of this study show: Japanese officials knew that the Hakka of Liu Dwei organization have loyalty characteristics from the investigation reports, and the Hakka people also expressed they wished the Governor to set the Liu Dwei organization area in an administrative district. The Taiwan Governor-general's Office agreed, but local officials believed that the Liu Dwei area were too far apart, Liu Dwei were set up in the same administrative area, and the space efficiency was low. It was recommended should to adopt the principles of geographical situation, population size, and convenient transportation. Finally, according to the space convenience of local practices, the geographical situation, and the Liu Dwei organization were assigned to different offices administrative area. The government's ethnic policy shifted its focus from ethnic independence to ethnic integration.