住宿型長期照護機構工作人員對於防火管理的認知、態度與行為之研究──以臺中市大里區為例

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Long-Term Care Institution Staff Toward Fire Prevention Management-A Case Study of Dali District in Taichung

目的：住宿型長期照護機構收容的住民多為老人或身心障礙者，身體自主能力較一般人低，若發生火災，大多需要旁人協助逃生避難。本研究目的為瞭解影響長照機構內工作人員之防火管理認知、態度與行為的因素及三者間之關聯性。方法：本研究採橫斷性研究設計，以臺中市大里區所有住宿型長照機構為例，透過自擬結構式問卷進行量化調查與分析。問卷題目採李克特五點量表，受測者平均分數越高，表示防火管理的認知、態度與行為越佳。統計分析部分，分別採用複迴歸及階層迴歸分析探討影響因素及瞭解三者間之關聯性。結果：本研究共調查9間長照機構，合計回收184份有效問卷，回收率59%。複迴歸之結果得知，外國籍、教育程度愈低、女性及年齡愈小者的防火管理認知、態度與行為分數顯著較低。階層迴歸分析的結果顯示，在控制其它變項後，認知與態度均正向且顯著地影響行為，且態度對認知與行為之關聯性具有部分中介效果。結論：期待未來政府在進行防火政策規劃及長照機構在進行內部管理時，可針對防火管理認知、態度與行為較缺乏的族群加強教育與訓練。此外透過防火管理認知的提升，可以改善防火管理態度，進一步產生正向的防火管理行為。 Purposes: Most residents of long-term care (LTC) institutions are elderly or physically disabled, and their physical mobility is lower than that of normal people. In case of fire, most require help from others to escape. This study aims to understand the factors that affect the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) aspects of staff in LTC institutions on fire prevention management and the correlation between the three aspects. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed in this study, and all the LTC institutions in Dali District of Taichung City were used as examples. Quantitative surveys and analysis were conducted using self-designed structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were based on the Likert five-point scale. The higher the average scores of the subjects, the better their KAP toward fire prevention management. Statistical analysis was carried out by using multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis in order to study the factors and understand the correlation between the three aspects. Results: A total of nine LTC institutions were surveyed in this study, and a total of 184 valid questionnaires were collected, with a recovery rate of 59%. From the results of the multiple regression analysis, we can see that subjects with foreign nationality, a lower education level, female gender, and a younger age have significantly lower scores for KAP toward fire prevention management. The results of hierarchical regression analysis show that after other variables are controlled for, both knowledge and attitude positively and significantly affect practice, and attitude has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between knowledge and practice. Conclusions: We hope that education and training can be strengthened for the groups that lack KAP on fire prevention management when the government policy planning on fire prevention and LTC institutions carries out internal management practices in the future. In addition, attitudes toward fire prevention management would be improved through improvements in the knowledge of fire prevention management, which in turn creates positive practices related to fire prevention management.