清代臺灣竹枝詞的風華再現與通識人文教育之落實

Representation of the Spirit of the Zhuzhi Ci Written in Taiwan During the Qing Dynasty and the Implementation of Liberal Education in General Education Courses

清代臺灣竹枝詞延續《詩經‧國風》傳統，內容反映風土民情，在詼諧趣味筆調中兼具美刺意涵，最能體現臺灣的庶民社會，故筆者開設的「臺灣詩鄉土情」課程，特別設計「竹枝風情」單元，旨在於傳承清代臺灣竹枝詞精神，鼓勵當代新竹枝詞的創作，落實通識人文教育的內涵。本文將課程的設計理念、選材引導與實踐成果逐一展現。本文先梳理清代臺灣竹枝詞之傳承與流衍的情形，再落實於本課程之教學，讓學生認同鄉土文化，綰合生活經驗與美學素養，充分展現這個世代特有的創意與風情。本課程表舉清代臺灣竹枝詞二大類主題「地域書寫」與「民俗節慶」，並擇取郁永河、陳肇興、吳德功、丘逢甲、黃敬與張書紳等人的詩作加以賞析，作為學生創作竹枝詞的基石。特別設計「當代竹枝詞的風華再現」活動，先列舉創作主題，藉分組討論以凝聚各組的大主題與個別創作小主題，經老師與助教從旁指導，最後在課堂發表。累積八個學期學生作品，計有766有效詩作。經分析後，發現學生詩作以「鄉土」、「校園」、「時事」、「其他」四大類為主，具有「傳統鄉土到多元創新」及「共同經驗的呈現」兩大主題趨勢，並展現「本色語言」、「美刺功能」、「遊戲性質」等特色。 Zhuzhi ci (竹枝詞), a genre of Chinese poetry, originates from folk songs. Zhuzhi ci written in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty still followed the tradition of the Airs of the States from Shijing. Its contents reflect local cultures. The meanings of praise and satire are stylistically humorous and represent lives of Taiwanese people. I provide a specific lesion unit ''Zhuzhi ci Appreciation'' in my General Education course ''Taiwan, Poetry Country Love.'' The main idea in this unit is to appreciate the spirit of Zhuzhi ci written in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty, to encourage students to write their own Zhuzhi ci, and to realize the spirit of liberal education in General Education courses. This paper shows the design concept, teaching material selection and guidance, and the results of implementation one by one. In this paper, the literature of Taiwanese Zhuzhi ci during the Qing Dynasty was first sorted, and then they were applied to the teaching in the course. In the course, the two major themes of Taiwanese Zhuzhi ci, regional writing and local cultural festivals were selected. I specifically selected works by Yu Yonghe (郁永河), Chen Chaohsing (陳肇興), Wu Degong (吳德功), Qiu Fengjia (丘逢甲), Huang Jing (黃敬) and Chang Shushen (張書紳) for class reading. And students create their work poetry works based on the above list. Students have submitted more than 750 works for the past eight semesters. Subjects of their works include hometown, campus, current events, and miscellaneous ones. There were two main styles in their works. One style is ''from traditional hometown culture to diversity and innovation'' and the other one is ''presentation of common experience.''