自動駕駛與刑法──以「阿沙芬堡案」為例

Autonomous Driving and Criminal Law–The Case Aschaffenburg

2017年夏天對於道路交通法所進行的改革，德國立法者清楚地傳達了，新的駕駛形式完全可以在傳統且行之有年之道路交通法的框架下被規制，對於高度自動駕駛與全自動駕駛的法律基礎加以描述。然而，許多自動駕駛的問題仍尚未獲得解決，雖然自動駕駛倫理委員會對於「兩難困境問題」所提出的解決方案緩和了公眾的爭論，學術的討論才正要展開。未來的汽車不僅係「自動地」行駛，亦多元地與其他車輛、道路以及與網路相連結，以致於網路犯罪即將可能對於道路交通進行攻擊。目前最重要的法律實務問題，應屬透明地且依法治國原則可被檢驗地限縮刑法上的生產者責任。 With the reform of the Road Traffic Act in the summer of 2017, the German legislator has made it clear that the new forms of mobility can certainly be regulated within the framework of traditional and proven road traffic law, and formulate the legal basis for highly automated and fully automated driving. However, many problems of automated driving are still open. Although the solution to the ''dilemma problem'' presented by the Ethics Commission on Automated Driving has softened the public debate, the academic discussion is only just beginning. Cars in the future are not just ''automated'', but are also interlinked with other vehicles, the road and the internet, so that cybercrime could soon spread to the streets. The most important current practical legal problem is likely to limit the criminal manufacturer's liability transparently and thus under the rule of law.