系統思考之實踐：專案導向式學習教學

隨著全球化與科技發展，運用系統思考（systems thinking）釐清並解決複雜問題已是國際產學界的趨勢。在鼓勵創新、師生互動與學生自主的教育趨勢下，專案導向式學習（project-based learning, PBL）被認為是能有效提升教育實踐之方式。因此，本研究目的乃施行整合系統思考與PBL的創新課程。實行方法係採課程設計與田野專案實作方式，課程設計採用階層式議題法的設計原理，將PBL特色結合系統思考理論與方法，並將之分為五個整合教學與實踐的步驟。本研究參與者為本校醫務管理學系2016年第二學期開設系選修課程「系統思考之應用」之選修學生共計8人，專案實施場域為本校附設醫院之周遭區域，專案主題為：「降低醫院周遭隨意丟棄菸蒂」。結果顯示，採用結合系統思考與PBL課程設計提升了學生對於實際問題運用系統思考的能力。此種教學方式得以作為其他科目之教學參考。 Complexity of issues has been accelerated on account of globalization and technology development. Application of systems thinking has been recognized as a useful approach to solving complex problems by both academics and industries. Nevertheless, implementing systems thinking is still their challenges. Given the current trend of encouraging continuous innovation, teacher-student interaction, and student self-directed education, project-based learning (PBL) has been proved to be an effective learning and implementation approach. Therefore, the study aims to facilitate an integration of systems thinking and PBL into an innovated course. The hierarchical issue method (HIM) was adopted to redesign the course, synthesizing PBL and systems thinking into a five-step teaching and project implementation approach. The participants were 8 students who enrolled the elective course, “Application of Systems Thinking,” at School of Healthcare Administration in the second semester of 2016. The surrounding area of the university affiliated hospital was the project implementation field, and the project was “Reducing cigarette butt waste around the hospital.” After implementing this course, improvements were found in both project performance and student learning effectiveness. The results showed that the students have improved their capability of using systems thinking through PBL processes. This teaching approach systematically provided students with opportunities to practice systems thinking skills in school education. To well prepare students for practical challenges in the future, this course can be used as a reference for other subjects in education.