| 中文摘要 |
《晉書．載記》記載十六國時期的胡漢政權事蹟，本文以此時期胡漢政權的儒學思想與實踐為主要探討重點，述及儒學官學制度的建立，與對儒家義理的推崇和提倡。十六國時期的君主大多為胡族，他們在晉室南遷之後，紛紛建立政權，夷夏之辨便成此一時期的重要問題。夷夏觀念深深受儒家民族觀的影響，初始以血統論夷夏，終則以儒家文化論夷夏。《晉書．載記》史臣的論贊，以儒家思想褒貶十六國的胡漢政權，尚稱平允，但某些種族歧視的用語，則極為不當。本文以為，以儒家禮義、道德、仁政為核心內涵的文化民族主義，是促成華夷一家、夷夏平等的重要精神資源。
Records of Unofficial Dynasties, The Book of Jin records the deeds of Hu and Han regimes during the Sixteen Kingdom period. This article focuses on the Confucian thought and practice of Hu and Han regimes in this period as well as discusses their foundation of the Confucian official education system and their respect for and advocacy of Confucian theories. Most monarchs in the Sixteen Kingdoms period were Hu people. They successively established political powers after the Jin dynasty moved to the south, which turned the debate on the differentiation of barbaric peoples and Han Chinese people into an important issue. The concept of barbaric peoples and Han Chinese people was deeply influenced by Confucian concepts of nationality. The arguments on barbaric peoples and the Han Chinese were based on blood relationship at first and on Confucian cultures at last. It is fair for the writers of the Records, the officials in charge of history writing, to evaluate with Confucianism the Hu and Han regimes of the Sixteen Kingdom period. Nonetheless, their usage of some racially discriminatory terms is extremely inappropriate. This article deems that a cultural nationalism taking Confucian rites, righteousness, morality, and benevolent politics as its core content is an important spiritual resource that promotes the union of and the equality between barbaric peoples and the Han Chinese. |
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