漢語方言分音詞之制約導向分析

The Constraint-Based Analysis of the Fenyinci in Chinese Dialects

本文以制約導向的優選理論架構來分析漢語方言不同類型的分音詞。分音詞是將單音節詞複製擴增為雙音節詞，其特徵一為首尾音段與本詞一致，特徵二為後音節聲母固定是舌尖邊音／l／，因此視為部分重疊與固定音素的構詞歷程。閩語與晉語皆有此類詞彙，前音節是開音節，後音節之韻母則對應本詞。由於分音詞之前後音節多以無標形式音節為主，然因必須合乎該方言的音組限制，以致本詞是否有介音及介音性質之影響，因而形成不同次類之分音詞。相關制約如照應制約、結構制約、對整制約等不同的交錯排序層級篩選出符合各方言音韻系統之優選值。以制約導向的優選理論架構來分析不同方言的分音詞，免除了設計不同模板之爭議，以相關制約不同的排序層級，為不同類型分音詞機制提出一致的說明。 In this paper the Fenyinci data in Chinese dialects would be analyzed in the framework of the Optimality Theory, which is constraint-oriented. The Fenyinci words are formed by augmenting a monosyllabic word to a disyllabic word. The onset of the first syllable would be copied from the source syllable. The alveolar lateral /l/ would be as the onset of 2nd syllable of Fenyinci. In notthern Jin dialects another vowel would replace the nuclear vowel of 1st syllable. The segments following the nuclear vowel would be deleted in Min Fuzhou dialect. Especially, some of the prenuclear glides in Fenyinci syllables would inserted or deleted for the phonotactic constraints. The relevant constraints are markedness, alignment, contiguity, and faithfulness of BASE/RED. The different rankings of the constraints would be shown the processes of these Fenyinci words.