前現代治理的遺緒：一段中國女性主義的故事，兼論若干台灣問題

The Legacies of Premodern Governance: A Story about Feminism in China, with Some Questions for Taiwan

How did we get here? I often ask. How far in the past to go? Jo Guldi and David Armitage try to answer in their book The History Manifesto (2014). This concise book, one of the too rare wake-up calls for historians, asks us to confront our fundamental limitations brought by the demands of the present-day disciplinary education. We know ''more and more about less and less'' (2014: 49), and in doing so, we are unable to grasp the complex ways in which the past and present relate. Especially when it comes to the issues related to inequalities, because, as the authors emphasize, the understanding of the re/producing mechanisms of inequalities require a longue duree historical observation. Gender is a core category for detecting, analyzing and combating a myriad of intersecting power inequalities. Not only because it uncovers historically changing yet unwavering ways in which selected biological differences between dualistically classified male and female bodies get detected, interpreted and politicized. But also because a rigorous intersectional analysis which places gender at the center of inquiry discloses how gender/ed binary and its situationally changing but persistently unequal power relations inform and are informed by multiple intersecting power inequalities. 本文將中國女性主義運動的發展回溯自中國晚清以降的歷史脈絡加以檢視，一方面與西方中心的女性主義觀點做出區別，另一方面也期望藉此能更好地理解中國女性以及中國帝國、國家與黨之間的交織關係。本文首先聚焦戊戌變法時期的女性主義運動，以檢視女性在此社會變動時期所扮演的主體與客體角色。接著討論中國在現代化過程中出現的新興女性主義運動如何與父權結構、國家政黨體制進行協商，展現女性在打造社會空間中自主與獨立之主體性所面臨的挑戰與可能性。文章最後將討論延伸至台灣晚近的女性主義運動，作為思考性別議題的參照對象。本文透過長時段的歷史觀點與後殖民批判精神，將中國女性主義（以及相關的台灣女性主義議題）發展加以脈絡化，不只呈現實證研究的社會資料，也期望建立理論化上述女性主義議題的知識基礎。