司法詢問架構運用於兒童性侵害案件偵查之重要性與展望

The Importance and Prospect of the Judicial Inquiry Framework Applied to Investigation of Child Sexual Assault Cases

許多兒童遭性侵案件往往沒有其他物證，使得被害人司法詢問品質決定後續的起訴與審判結果。再者，此類被害人常有特殊身心反應，司法人員若不具性別意識或對被害人身心狀況不瞭解，將無法理解被害人處境，而導致錯誤的刑事司法程序或結果。為能提升我國遭性侵被害兒童司法詢問品質，有效重構跨專業被害人司法詢問模式，在參考國外「司法詢問員」制度後，性侵害犯罪防治法於2015年修正公布增訂第15－1條，並自2017年正式實施。鑒於司法詢問員制度於我國屬創新制度，而其詢問品質則須以司法詢問架構為基礎，方能確保制度施行成效並提升兒童性侵害案件後續的司法訴訟品質。這顯示，良好的司法詢問架構對於進一步推動調查人員科學化詢（訊）問方式，具有相當高的價值。因此，本文乃從兒童性侵害案件偵查現況出發，說明兒童性侵害案件偵辦困境，繼而探討我國使用司法詢問架構之人員以及國外司法詢問架構發展背景及主要種類，最後則對於司法詢問架構運用於兒童性侵害案件偵查上的展望提出建議。 Due to Many child sexual assault cases are often lack of other physical evidence, the victim’s judiciary interrogations will be the key to the quality of the following prosecution and trial results. Furthermore, such victims often have special physical and psychological reactions to the cases. If law enforcement officers do not have gender-awareness or understand the physical and mental conditions of victims, they will not be able to understand the victim’s situation. Then, it may lead to erroneous criminal justice procedures or results. In order to improve the quality of judicial inquiries of children victims in sexual assaults in Taiwan and to effectively reconstruct inter-professional victim interview models, the Sexual Assault Crime Prevention Act was amended in 2015 to announce the addition of Article 15-1 with reference of ＂forensic interviewer＂ system from other countries. The Act was formally implemented in 2017. In view of the fact that the judicial enquiry system is an innovation in our country, the quality of inquiry must be based on a judicial inquiry framework in order to ensure effective implementation of the system and enhance the quality of subsequent judicial litigation in child sexual assault cases. A good judicial inquiry framework is valuable for furthering scientific inquiry of investigators. Therefore, this article starts with the investigation of child sexual assault cases, explaining the predicament of child sexual assault case investigation, and then discussing the judicial inquiry framework in Taiwan, the background and development of main types of judicial inquiry frameworks in other countries. At last, the authors provide suggestions for prospects of the investigation in child sexual assault cases.