我國觀護制度及更生保護組織重新定位之探討

Discussion on the Re-positioning of the Probation System and the Rehabilitation Organization

本文說明刑罰的內容中為何應當、及如何加入福利元素，以及刑事司法與社會福利系統之間的關係，並設計了大致的運作架構。其中，有必要對於更生保護會及觀護部門的定位與業務內容作大幅度的調整：一、改變既有更生保護組織之體質，使成為真正的社會福利機構，受衛福部指導；同時，改採「入口保護」，將對犯罪人提供支援的時點，提前到一進入刑事司法系統時即開始，一直延續到更生（重新建立社會生活）為止。二、更生保護會並負責與法務部（矯正署、保護司）共同研擬、乃至主導執行矯治處遇方案。三、刑事司法各部門對更生保護會之福利活動及矯治處遇提供相應之配合，並由觀護人擔任與更生保護會的對口單位，協助更生保護會與刑事司法各部門之間的交涉溝通。四、觀護人的新定位，是刑事司法系統與社會福利系統銜接的樞紐，也擔任刑事司法部門的對外窗口。目前觀護人在保護管束或社區矯治中所擔任的輔導、處遇任務，建議轉由更生保護會承擔，觀護人僅需確保刑事司法系統自身的利益不受損傷即可，以避免角色衝突。而若要使上述規劃能夠真正運作、落實，有一些前提必須先達成，包括避免重刑化立法不斷增加處遇人口、充實監所管理人力及合理化其勞動條件、建立永續而自足的財源機制。 This article illustrates why the content of penalty should be added welfare element, and how to add it. It also clarifies the relationship between criminal justice system and social welfare system, and designs an operational framework for their new complex (so called ＂penal-welfare＂: system) to function. To ensure the feasibility, it is necessary to re-positioning the probation department, and to adjust the business content of After-care Association. In addition, in order for the above-mentioned plan to be truly operational and implemented, there are some prerequisites that must be reached first, including avoiding heavy penalties (to avoid increasing the number of people in need), enriching the management personnel of the institution and making their labor conditions reasonable, and establishing a sustainable and self-sufficient financial mechanism.