食品中多環芳香族碳氫化合物多重分析方法開發

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods

多環芳香族碳氫化合物（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs）為含碳化合物不完全燃燒所產生的有機污染物，會由食品加工過程中產生，如煙燻、烘焙、乾燥或燒烤等。歐洲食品安全局（The European Food Safety Authority, EFSA）評估後認為食品中PAHs至少需監測PAH4，包含benzo[a]pyrene、benzo[a]anthracene、chrysene及benzo[b]fluoranthene等4品項，且訂定PAH4 4品項總和之限量標準。衛福部公告訂定之「食品中污染物質及毒素衛生標準」中，針對不同食品類別訂定苯駢芘（BaP）限量。本研究目的為建立肉製品、水產品及其煙燻加工製品中23項PAHs之多重殘留檢驗方法，並進行市售產品之調查。方法前處理採用QuEChERS流程進行萃取及淨化，搭配氣相層析串聯式質譜儀分析，層析部分採用PAHs之專用管柱，搭配適合之升溫梯度可將23項PAHs理想分離。以煙燻肉製品製作基質匹配檢量線，進行定量分析。添加回收率試驗結果，各分析物之平均回收率介於78.9－124.0％，變異係數介於0.8－13.2％，符合食藥署食品化學檢驗方法確效規範，方法之定量極限則介於0.5－5ppb，可滿足限量標準所需。以建立之方法檢測市售5件肉製品及8件水產品中PAHs含量，檢驗結果均符合限量標準。 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are primarily formed from incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter during various industrial processes. Food may be contaminated with environmental PAHs (presented in air, soil, or water), or with endogenous PAHs generated during food processing (e.g. smoking, roasting, drying, and grilling processes). EFSA suggested the sum of four PAHs were suitable indicates for the contamination of PAHs in foods. They were benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a] anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene, so called PAH4. In the regulation of ＂Sanitation Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food＂ issued by TFDA regulated the maximum levels of benzo[a]pyrene in various foods. Therefore, this study aimed on the method development and market survey of the contents of PAHs in various foods. Twenty three items of PAHs in smoked meat, smoked meat products, smoked fish, smoked fishery products, fresh bivalve molluscs, and infant formula were evaluated through the QuEChERS method and liquid-liquid extraction with SPE. Sample extracts were determined by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) with matrix-matched calibration curves. Chromatographic separation of analytes and their isomers was achieved by a DB-EUPAH column. The average recoveries of 23 PAHs in smoked meat products were between 78.9 and 124.0%, and their coefficients of variations were between 0.8 and 13.2%. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were set in the range of 0.5 - 5 ppb. In infant formula products, the average recoveries, coefficients of variation, and the LOQs were between 88.9 and 116.9%, 0.6 and 11.7%, 0.2 and 2 ppb, respectively. The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of TFDA method validation guidelines. A surveillance of commercial samples in Taiwan including 5 smoked meat, 8 fishery, and 9 infant formula products showed all samples were complied with the regulation.