個人－國家爭端解決機制中用盡當地救濟規則的發展──人權領域與投資領域之比較

The Development of the Rule of Exhaustion of Local Remedies in Individual--State Dispute Settlement Mechanism--A Comparison between the Human Rights System and the Investment System

用盡當地救濟規則是外交保護制度中一項重要的國際習慣法規則，在人權和投資領域的個人一國家爭端解決機制中亦占據一席之地。但在人權體制和投資體制下，用盡當地救濟規則卻呈現出不同的發展軌跡，前者一以貫之，後者卻曲折變動。究其原因，主要在於國際人權保護體制和國際投資體制的理論基礎不同、關涉的利益層級不同以及外部影響因素不同。鑒於中國在國際人權法和國際投資法下已有相當程度的實踐，探討用盡當地救濟規則實為必要。人權保護體制下，中國應堅決接受用盡當地救濟規則的適用；而在投資保護體制下，中國則應對該規則給予重視並謹慎對待。

The rule of exhaustion of local remedies is an important rule of international customary law in diplomatic protection system, and its application extends to human rights system and investment system afterwards. Particularly, it plays an important role in individual-state dispute settlement mechanism. Within the system of human rights protection and the system of investment protection, the rule of exhaustion of local remedies has gone through rather different developing paths. When exploring the reasons behind the phenomenon, the difference of theoretical basis, the difference of hierarchy of interests and the difference of external factors should be the answer. Since China has already had certain practice in international human rights law and international investment law, it is of great necessity to give an analysis on the rule. Within the system of human rights protection, China should definitely adopt the application of the rule of local remedies. While within the system of investment law, China should attach more importance to the rule and treat it with caution.