“一帶一路”倡議下新國際鐵路貨物聯運協定之法律規範解讀

Interpretation of the Rules of the Newly Amended Agreement Concerning International Carriage of Goods by Rail under the B & R Initiative

中歐班列是“一帶一路”倡議下的重大基礎工程，是保障沿線國家的貨物互通有無、實現亞洲與歐洲經濟共同繁榮的重要渠道。新《國際鐵路貨物聯運協定》的頒布為國際鐵路貨物運輸提供了法律上的保障，使得“一帶一路”倡議下發生的國際貨物運輸不再無法可依。新《國際鐵路貨物聯運協定》對於《國際鐵路貨物運輸公約》（CIM）有較多的借鑒，二者在條文規定上的相似處隨處可見。同時該協定將“國際鐵路一輪渡直通聯運”納入調整範圍，但該運輸方式僅為國際鐵路直通聯運中的補充，尚不能稱之為“多式聯運”。因此，從保障中歐班列順楊往來絲綢之路的意義上而言，新《國際鐵路貨物聯運協定》仍有進一步的提升的空間。

China Railway Express is an important project under the B & R Initiative, and also an important channel to ensure the countries alongside the Belt and Road to trade with cargo and to realize the Euro-Asia countries win-win in economic development. Under such background, the enactment of the newly amended Agreement Concerning International Carriage of Goods by Rail (referred to as “ SMGS”) means to provide legal protection for international carriage of goods by rail and the contract of international railway transport thereof. The ACRCGR has learned a lot from the 1999 version of CIM, which can be testified by the large similarities between rules of the two agreements. The SMGS has included the international railway-ferry through combined transport, but this type of transport is just a supplement of the international railway and it could not be regarded as a way of multimodal transport. Hence, the ACRCG still needs further promotion.