| 中文摘要 |
天敵掠食是造成小型燕雀目鳥類繁殖失敗的主因之一。2006-2007年繁殖期間，在中台灣一處受擾動的低海拔森林中，監測6種小型燕雀目鳥類的地面巢與灌叢巢，並利用紅外線縮時錄影系統持續記錄，作為輔助。其中，灌叢巢（0.059 ± 0.006）面臨的每日被掠食率高於地面巢（0.034 ± 0.005,χ2=5.84, p=0.016）。研究期間共記錄到17種鳥巢掠食者，分為蛇類（8種）、鳥類（4種）、台灣獼猴（1種）、其他哺乳類（4種）以及螞蟻（不知名種）等五種掠食者類型。無論是灌叢巢或地面巢，蛇類都是最主要的天敵，台灣獼猴沒有特別偏好的巢型，鳥類天敵傾向掠食灌叢巢，而其他哺乳類天敵則偏好地面巢。大多數的蛇類和螞蟻在掠食後只會留下一個空的鳥巢，不留有其他痕跡，若沒有鳥巢的錄影資料將幾乎無法判定天敵種類，除此之外，不同類型的天敵在掠食後，會留下獨特的痕跡可供辨識。猛禽通常會將巢中的親鳥抓走，並留下親鳥的羽毛在巢的邊緣和未孵化的蛋。台灣獼猴常常在巢邊留下容易辨識的混亂痕跡。而其他哺乳類天敵通常會留有腳印並造成被掠食的鳥巢鬆落。因此，我們將被掠食的鳥巢痕跡及其周圍環境遺跡歸納出一些可供判定其天敵類型的準則。 |
| 英文摘要 |
Predation is one of primary causes of nest failure for passerines. We applied an infrared time-lapse video system to continually monitor ground and shrub nests of six small passerine species in a disturbed lowland forest in central Taiwan from 2006 to 2007. The daily predation rate of shrub nests (0.059 ± 0.006) was higher than that of ground nests (0.034 ± 0.005, χ2=5.84, p=0.016). We recorded 17 species of nest predators that were classified into five predation types: snakes (8 species), birds (4 species), macaques (Macaca cyclopsis) (1 species), other mammals (4 species), and ants (one unidentified species). Snakes were major predators of both shrub and ground nests. Macaques preyed on shrub and ground nests equally. Avian predators were more focused on shrub than ground nests while other mammalian predators preferred ground nests. Predators such as snakes and ants left no traces but only an empty nest. Therefore, identifying these predators without video surveillance was almost impossible. Each other type of predator would leave characteristic marks that could be identified later. Raptors usually caught the parents in the nest and left the feathers on the rim of the nest while ignoring the unhatched eggs. Macaques always left a distinctive mess around the nest. Other mammalian predators would usually leave footprints and a loosened nest. We established guidelines for identifying predator types based on the marks around the preyed nests. |
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