台灣產吻鰕虎屬魚類的形態與分布模式

Morphology and Distribution Patterns of the ＂Rhinogobius＂ Species Complexes (Gobiidae) in Taiwan

本研究使用行政院農業委員會特有生物研究保育中心於1992-2005年間採自全台不同河川之吻鰕虎屬（Rhinogobius）魚類樣本，分析其形態特徵與分布模式。在十個有效種樣本中，就其外部形態特徵可分為極樂吻鰕虎種群R. giurinus complex與褐吻鰕虎種群R. brunneus complex。極樂吻鰕虎種群在臺灣僅有極樂吻鰕虎（R. giurinus）一種，其餘九種均屬褐吻鰕虎種群，包括明潭吻鰕虎（R. candidianus）、細斑吻鰕虎（R. delicatus）、大吻鰕虎（R. gigas）、恆春吻鰕虎（R. henchuenensis）、蘭嶼吻鰕虎（R. lanyuensis）、斑帶吻鰕虎（R. maculafasciatus）、名古屋吻鰕虎（臺灣亞種）（R. nagoyae formosanus）、南臺吻鰕虎（R. nantaiensis）與短吻紅斑吻鰕虎（R. rubromaculatus）。上述物種可藉由測量形質、色斑特徵、計數形質與地理分布稍可辨別其種間差異。兩種群之左、右二枚腹鰭皆已癒合成吸盤狀，但其吸盤形狀在種群間則有不同，褐吻鰕虎種群腹部吸盤形狀呈圓形且有繫帶與連結膜，極樂吻鰕虎種群腹部吸盤較大且形狀呈橢圓形。另外，其背鰭前鱗模式可分為三型，亦可作為鑑種的依據。未來，將持續吻鰕虎種群的生態習性、棲地需求、生活史、洄游型態與分子親緣關係之研究，以提供物種保育與經營管理的參考。

The morphology and distribution patterns of the ”Rhinogobius” species complexes (Gobiidae) in Taiwan were studied based on the specimens collected by Endemic Species Research Institute from various river systems around the island during the period from 1992 to 2005. Morphological examinations revealed ten valid nominal species which can be grouped into two species complexes, R.” giurinus” and R. ”brunneus”. The former has only one species while the latter contains nine species namely, R. ”candidianus”, R. ”delicates”, R. ”gigas”, R. ”henchuenensis”, R. ”lanyuensis”, R. ”maculafasciatus”, R. ”nagoyae formosanus”, R. ”nantaiensis” and R. ”rubromaculatus”. These species can be distinguished from one another by a combination of morphometric measurements, coloration pattern and meristic counts that were slightly different between species and also by their geographical distributions. The shape of the fused pelvic finsthat form the ventral adhesive apparatus was also different between the members of these two species complexes. Members of the R. ”brunneus” complex have a round fleshy adhesive apparatus with frenum and connecting membrane while R. ”giurinus” has a large, elliptical-shaped adhesive apparatus. In addition, three types of pre-dorsal fin scale pattern were found and can also be used for species identification. Further studies, particularly on habits, habitats, life histories, migratory patterns, and molecular phylogenetic relationships are needed for the conservation and management of this group of gobies.