兒童臉部表情疼痛量表的設計及評估

Design and Assessment of Children's Facial Pain Scale

視覺疼痛量表是兒童易理解的方式，本研究重新繪製疼痛表情11張圖示及6張圖示，測試結果發現6個表情圖案變化易於理解。臨床測試以10位病童為前測對象，依初步結果進行圖案修改後，再篩選16位病童為測試對象，以病童自我評估、照顧者評估病童、護理人員評估病童，三方分別填寫正式量表問卷，施測時採研究者參與觀察法獲取各方資料。測試結果93.75％病童能夠選出圖示。影響兒童疼痛評估的因素：（1）受制於認知發展能力，造成自我疼痛評估的誤差。（2）較安靜的兒童易被忽略疼痛的問題。（3）個性及文化會影響孩子對疼痛反應。其他現象：（1）照顧者的內心焦慮比兒童自身的痛苦還要強烈。（2）照顧者當中存有醫療弱勢者，期望本研究的設計未來也能擴張到其他族群使用。

This study aims to re-designed a new facial expressions of pain, that found six facial expression change is easy to understand for children. In clinical trial, 10 subjects (sick children) for pre-test and 16 subjects for normal test, and using questionnaire method for ''self-assessment of sick children,'' ''caregiver assessment of sick children,'' ''nurses assess for sick children.'' We found 93.75% of sub- jects could choose the facial expressions. The factors that influence children assessment pain: (1) Children's self-pain assessment error due to cognitive development, (2) Quiet children are easily ne- glected pain problems, (3) Children’s personality and adult expectations will affect the pain reaction from children. Other phenomena: (1) The children always focuses on the most uncomfortable feelings,(2) The caregiver’s anxiety is even stronger than the children’s own pain, (3) Among the caregivers who are medically disadvantaged, it’s expected that design of this study could be expanded to other ethnic groups.