晚清偵探小說的異聲：吳趼人《中國偵探案》

Pioneer of the Detective Story in the Late Qing Dynasty: Jian-ren Wu’s Chinese Detective Stories

1896年由張坤德翻譯、刊載於《時務報》上的《歇洛克呵爾唔斯筆記》（今譯《福爾摩斯探案》）是中國文壇認識偵探小說的起點，此後出現了大量偵探小說譯文，掀起一波精彩的偵探熱。而在1906年時，吳趼人（1866-1910）編纂《中國偵探案》這本收錄了歷代案件短篇故事集的書籍，率先提出「誰謂我國無偵探耶？」的反駁，帶動一波案件小說集的編纂，更鳴起了探求中國式偵探的第一槍。本文欲從吳趼人身為出版文化人的文學立場與晚清文壇對偵探小說的認知為切入，談論《中國偵探案》的編纂理念、作品定位，進一步從作者所編選的內容來觀察故事中的偵探視野是如何展現，由此釐清吳趼人自身定義「偵探小說」的方法，最後聚焦於《中國偵探案》在傳統與西方的調合與錯身之上，來探論吳趼人面對新舊文類交鋒時的應對，同時映對出晚清時人對於偵探小說此一外來文學作品的異樣解讀，共譜出晚清文壇在面對翻譯文學的多元樣態。

The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmestranslated and published in the Current Newsby Kun-de Chang in 1896 marked the onset of detective stories in the Chinese literary world. From then on, increasing detective stories were translated into Chinese, starting a detective story trend. By publishing Chinese Detective Stories, a collection of short detective stories from past dynasties, in 1906, Jian-ren Wu (1866-1910) was the first to claimthat “There was no detective story in China.” This incident thus started the trend of complilation of Chinese detective stories.From thestatusof publisher Wu and the perception of detective stories in the late Qing Dynasty, this study reviews the compilation concept and positioning of Chinese Detective Stories, investigates how Wu developed the detective vision from the stories,and discernshow Wu explicated the term“detective story.” Lastly, this study explores Wu’s attitude toward the confrontation between new and old literature genres with a focus on the harmony and conflict between traditionaland western culturesin his ChineseDetective Stories.