一個「加禮宛事件」各自表述

The Karewan Incident with Varied Interpretations

光緒4年（1878）的「加禮宛事件」，對清帝國與奇萊地區的原住民族群而言，都是重要的戰事。我們可以發現在事件落幕不到20年，住在加禮宛瑤篇庄的客家籍漢人林儀鳳對於事件的發生年代、參與鎮壓原住民的清軍將領，已發生認知錯亂的現象。到了日治初期，南勢各社的頭目對於撒奇萊雅人的遷移、飽干與冠冠等社的形成時間及原因，已有不同的論述出現，而加禮宛社竟從盟友變成了加害者。到了戰後，甚至出現撒奇萊雅人因部落內部出現奸細，而造成部落遭到焚燒厄運的論點；而在十六股漢人的記憶中，搶奪十六股土地成為戰事的導火線，七腳川事件的記憶甚至被挪移至加禮宛事件中；在噶瑪蘭族後裔的傳說中，頭目被處以凌遲的故事，主角竟轉換成了加禮宛社的頭目。而透過臺灣鎮總兵吳光亮呈給閩浙總督何環的文書，可以確定撒奇萊雅人與加禮宛人的部落都會遭到清軍焚燬，且戰事當時加禮宛內部只剩下五個社，而少了談仔秉社。人的記憶有限，族群互動、接觸可能將不同族群的歷史記憶與經驗移植到自己或其他族群，以致於對同一個加禮宛事件產生許多不同的論述。如果能將不同的論述放在一起討論，並與相關歷史文獻作對話，或許將可以找出比較接近樣貌的加禮宛事件。

The Karewan Incident occurred in the 4th year of the Guangxu Emperor (1878) was an important battle for both Qing Empire and aboriginal residents on the Chilai Plain. Though this incident was an important event in the Taiwanese aboriginal history, many races in the Eastern Taiwan have varied interpretations and memories about it since late Qing Dynasty to the post-war period. For example, some documents show that Lin Yi-Feng, a resident of Karewan 20 years later, had totally misunderstood the time line and military officers involved in this event. In the early Japanese colonial period, leaders of the Nan-shih Ami already had varied interpretations regrading the migration of the Sakizaya, as well as the formation and cause of Chipaukan and Chivarvaran. In their description, the Karewan became an offender instead of an ally. The confusion about this event got worse in the post-war period. There was an argument suggesting that the Sakizaya was destroyed due to the internal spies. The Hans living the Shiliugu said that the Karewan Incident was initialized due to a plunder of their land and it was confused with the Chikasowan Incident. In a Kavalan story, one of their leader was executed by “Lingchi” was misprinted by a leader of the Karewan tribe. The official document submitted to He Jing, the Viceroy of Min-Zhe Provinces, by Wu Guangliang charily stated that both Sakizaya and Karewan tribes had been burned by the Qing Army and only five tribes in Karewan remained. With limited remembrance, the interaction and contact among races could transplant or shift historical memories from one to another, which results in varied descriptions of the Karewan Incident. This study will compare and discuss several historical documents relevant to the Karewan Incident and potentially disclose its true-face.