全球化下地方文化產業營造機制的建構：古坑咖啡產業個案分析

Development Mechanisms for the Building of Local Cultural Industries at the Age of Globalization: Case Study of Coffee Beans Growing in Kukeng, Taiwan

全球化是目前國內鄉村地區發展必須面對的趨勢，然缺乏在地特色的全球化將是空洞且缺乏生命力的；因此，如何落實全球在地化理念於地景規劃工作中，應是當前地方相關產業發展努力的方向。若能以全球化作為促進地方再發展的觸媒，在全球化之重視效率、速度、時機、全球市場、網絡關係、跨國交流（資訊、創意、資金、人力資源等的跨國流動）的趨勢下，充分利用地方特殊的自然及人文地景資源，強化地方的地景差異性及產業特色；並透過全球化之「去偏遠化」及「去疆界限制」的跨國物流及網絡關係（international glows and networks），來強化出鄉村與核心都市的互補性及共存關係；再透過區域資源共享的模式，強化鄉村與都市結合之共生生態，藉此突顯鄉村及生態區域（結合都市與鄉村）在全球化網絡中之重要性及不可取代性，則全球化將成為地方再生的主要助力之一。地方是文化產業所在地，對當地自然景觀、人文歷史、發展潛力遠較中央政府了解，而縣政府組織規模也較為適宜、較具「彈性」與「機動」。如由縣政府來負責整合工作，可能面臨與地方派系利益糾葛，因而仍然需各部會負責審查把關及跨界協調，形塑「中央垂直授權轉為中央與地方夥伴治理」的資源整合與分工方式。 In the development of Taiwanese rural area, we must to face the trend of globalization. However, globalization without having local characteristics is void of vitality. How to carry out the concept of “glocalization” in landscape planning should be the main theme of relating local industry development. If we can use globalization to encourage redevelopment of local area, facilitating local natural and human landscape resources with a high emphasis on efficiency, speed, timing, global market, network relationship and cross-country interactions (the transportation of information, idea, capital and human resources) to strengthen the difference of local landscape and industry characteristics, to strengthen the complementary and coexistence relationship between rural area and core city by the “anti-remote” and “anti-boundary limitation” international glows and networks, and to manifest the importance and non-replacement of rural and ecology area (the linkage between rural and urban area) in globalization network by the model of regional resource sharing, globalization will become a main factor to facilitate local renewable actions. Given its proximity to local cultural industries, local government is often predisposed towards a more nuanced understanding of the natural landscape, history and development potentials of a given locale in comparison with central government. The scale and organization of county government also makes it more flexible and adapted to local development needs. But if the task of development is solely handled by county government, the entanglements with local political factions can present the danger of derailing the original well-intentioned plans. As such, the ministries and agencies of central government can provide important functions such as supervision and cross-sector negotiations. This can result in a mode of resource integration and operational differentiation that has the feature of “collaborative governance between central and local governments with direct authorization from the central government”.