殖民與遺民的對視：洪棄生與王松的棄地書寫

Colonialism vis-à-vis Loyalism: Hong Qisheng and Wang Song's Writings on Deserted Place

乙未割臺是中國近代史上的關鍵事件，影響臺灣深遠，同時產生了晚清第一批的遺民群體。棄地與殖民的雙重經驗，重新定義了臺灣島內遺民對空間與時間展開的身份辯證，這可以看做乙未遺民的現代性體驗。棄地的歷史情結和心理結構，因此形塑了詩人介入殖民情境的遺民書寫。他們產生的「地方」（Place）意識，面對殖民統治和殖民景觀形成有趣的詩學張力。本論文對洪棄生和王松兩位遺民詩人的漢詩生產進行症狀式閱讀，發現洪棄生對殖民地景的頹廢書寫構成有效的反殖民批判詩學，在殖民空間內凸顯一種主體的自覺。這是遺民的自覺，也是被殖民者弔詭的呈現方式。相對於此，王松在漢詩裡重構棄地與殖民地的歷史感，因此組合為詩人的地方感性。他在漢詩裡一再提示的「江山」，成為遺民重建「地方感」的一環，同時合理化了遺民的生存邏輯。除此，遺民面對的公共空間還包括殖民者建立的臺日漢文化的曖昧交流。這種詩學雅集唱酬形成一種殖民地風雅，改變了遺民的寫作意識。這是一種遺民詩學的「抒情」變奏，卻揭示臺灣遺民漢詩譜系的複雜性。 Territorial cession of Taiwan in 1895 is a significant incident in modern Chinese history in that it had not only profoundly affected Taiwan, but had given rise to the emerging of the first group of loyalists in late Qing, the so-called Yiwei loyalists. Those loyalists in Taiwan, being simultaneously deserted and colonized, set off for constructing identity in terms of space and time and experienced modernity. In this context, poets became involved in colonial loyalist writings and the involvement can be attributable to a historical complex about deserted place. The concept of ‘place’ generated in such writings confronted colonial landscapes and ruling, creating an intriguing poetic tension. The present study examines writings by two loyalist poets, Hong Qisheng and Wang Song, and attempts to conduct a symptomatic reading on their Han poems. It is proposed that Hong’s writing on colonial landscapes as ruins developed one form of anti-colonial critical poetics. In his writing, he stressed the loyalists’ consciousness in the colonial space: conscious of being remain subjects and being the colonized as well. Wang constructed, on the other hand, a sense of history of the deserted place/ the colonized land and thus formulated a sense of place. In his Han poems, Wang repeatedly mentioned ‘the land’, which advanced the reconstructing of a sense of place by loyalists and at the same time rationalized the loyalist ideology. In addition, there was one more public space for the loyalists, an ambiguous space, where Japanese colonists and Taiwanese elites communicated concerning Han culture. This form of poetic gathering shaped colonial elegance, which further altered loyalist writing philosophy. Such variation of loyalist poetics brought us to see the complexity of the genealogy of Han poetry.