| 中文摘要 |
在中國現代小說史上，葉聖陶一向被公認為最重要的「教育小說」作家。長篇力作《倪煥之》（1928），更被茅盾譽為「新文學中的扛鼎之作」。由於他的小說大多是自己從事教育工作經歷的不同投影，因此，《倪煥之》中青年主人公投身教育事業後的成長與幻滅，所投射出的，遂不僅是個體生命的起落軌跡，更是晚清以迄二○年代以來，「青春／啟蒙」論述交錯於小說敘事與時代語境中的種種折變。基於此，本文將先梳理晚清以來「青春想像」與「教育小說」與的發展，及其與西方「教育／成長／啟蒙小說」（ Bildungsroman）的即離關係，繼而以葉聖陶的「教育小說」為例，觀照其間「青年」與「孩童」的糾葛互動，以及「教育」與「小說」間的曖昧弔詭，並籍以探勘二○年代小說中，「青春／啟蒙論述」的折變。全文分四大部分：一、葉聖陶及其「教育小說」的問題性；二、「青春想像」與「教育小說」；三、孩童，還是青年？──二○年代「青春／啟蒙論述」的折變；四、餘論：教育，還是反教育？──葉聖陶、《倪煥之》與「青春／啟蒙論述」中的曖昧。
In the history of modem Chinese fiction, Ye Shengtao is generally acknowledged to be the most important writer of 'education fiction.' His grand oeuvre Ni Huanzhi (1928) has been called 'a masterpiece of new literature' by Mao Dun. Most of Ye's works are reflections of his own experience as an educator. The young protagonist in Ni Huanzhi, too, throws himself into the cause of education; his growing up and the ensuing disillusionment are thus expression not just of the rise and fall of an individual career. Rather, they mirror the multiple changes of discourse about youth and enlightenment, from the late Qing through the 1920's, as reflected in fictional narratives and historical context. This article first of all tracks the development of 'youth images' and 'education fiction' since the late Qing and their complex relations to the Western Bildungsroman. Using the example of Ye Shengtao's 'education fiction,' the article then explores the interaction of 'youth' and 'children,' as well as the tension between 'education' and 'fiction;' finally, it maps the changes of the 'youth I enlightenment discourse' in the fiction of the 1920's. The article consists of four sections: (1) Ye Shengtao and the problematic of his 'education fiction;'(2) 'Youth image' and 'education fiction;'(3) Children or youth? Ye Shengtao's 'education fiction' and the changes in the ''youth I enlightenment discourse;'(4) Summary: Education or anti-education? Ye Shengtao, Ni Huanzhi, and the tension in 'youth I enlightenment fiction.' |
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